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RCC SOC 1 - Culture

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CHAPTER 3:CULTURE AND SOCIETYSlide 3Characteristics of CultureSlide 5Slide 6Slide 7ApplicationTHE BUILDING BLOCKS OF CULTURESlide 10Slide 11DiscussionSlide 13Slide 14Slide 15Slide 16Slide 17Slide 18Characteristics of NormsThree Types of NormsSlide 21Slide 22Ideal Versus Real CultureCULTURAL SIMILARITIESSlide 25CULTURAL DIVERSITYSlide 27Slide 28Slide 29Slide 30Slide 31POPULAR CULTURESlide 33CULTURAL CHANGE AND TECHNOLOGYSlide 35Cultural ChangeSlide 37SOCIOLOGICAL PERSPECTIVES ON CULTURESlide 39CHAPTER 3:CULTURECULTURE AND SOCIETY•Culture—the learned and shared behaviors, beliefs, attitudes, values, and material objects that characterize a particular group or society1•Society—a group of people that has lived and worked together long enough to become an organized population and to think of themselves as a social unit1SocietyCharacteristics of Culture•Culture is learned.•Culture is transmitted from one generation to the next.•Culture is shared.•Culture is adaptive and always changing.1•Material culture consists of the tangible objects that members of a society make, use, and share.–Examples include tools, jewelry, pottery, clothing, and furniture.1Material Culture•Nonmaterial culture includes the shared set of meanings that people use to interpret and understand the world.–Examples include political opinions, religious beliefs, and marriage patterns.1Nonmaterial CultureApplicationWhat is the material culture and nonmaterial culture of …?–Baseball–School–ShoppingTHE BUILDING BLOCKS OF CULTURE•Symbol—anything that stands for something else and has a particular meaning for people who share a culture–Symbols include•Words—chair, tomorrow, hope•Gestures—wave, salute•Physical objects—cross, wedding ring2•Language—a system of shared symbols that enables people to communicate with one another.2•Language is important.–It makes us human.–It helps us interact.–It directs our thinking, controls our actions, and gives us a sense of belonging.2LanguageDiscussion•Is there anything wrong with the traditional use of language such as businessman, chairman , mailman , or mankind?•Is it acceptable to use he to refer to individuals who may be male or female?2•Language influences how we perceive genders, races, and ethnicities.•Words create and reinforce both positive and negative images.2Application•What are some uses of the word black to mean something negative?•What are some uses of the word white to mean something positive?DiscussionIs it acceptable to use racist or sexist terms to describe oneself or one's group?2•Values—the standards by which members of a particular culture define what is good or bad, moral or immoral, proper or improper, desirable or undesirable, beautiful or ugly.2•Major U.S. values include:–Achievement and success–Activity and work–Morality–Humanitarianism–Efficiency and practicality–Progress–Equality–Individuality2Major U.S. Values•Norms are society's specific rules of right and wrong behavior.–They tell us what we should or should not do.2NormsCharacteristics of Norms•Most are unwritten.•They are instrumental.•Some are explicit while others are implicit.•They change over time.•Most are conditional.•Norms can be rigid or flexible.2Three Types of Norms•Folkways: norms that members of a society look upon as not being critical and that may be broken without severe punishment•Mores: norms that society considers very important because they maintain morals and ethics•Laws: norms that are defined and enforced by a political authority2ApplicationIdentify whether it is a folkway, more, or law.–Place your napkin in your lap.–Cover your genitals when you are in public.–Don't pick your nose in public.–Ensure the safety of children.•Sanctions—rewards for appropriate behavior and penalties for inappropriate behavior.•Sanctions vary in strength and can be positive or negative.–A hug–A prison term–Getting fired2SanctionsIdeal Versus Real Culture•Ideal culture—the beliefs, values, and norms that people say they hold•Real culture—actual everyday behavior–Example: Many people exceed the speed limit.2CULTURAL SIMILARITIES•Cultural Universals—customs and practices that are common to all societies.–All cultures include bodily adornments, dancing, food taboos, ideas about modesty, and expectations for mourning.–Cultures differ in the expression of the universals.33CULTURAL DIVERSITY•A subculture is a group or category of people whose distinctive ways of thinking, feeling, and acting differ somewhat from those of the larger society.•Subcultures can be based on ethnicity, religion, politics, age, physical disability, or social class.4•A counterculture deliberately opposes and consciously rejects some of the basic beliefs, values, and norms of the dominant culture.•Countercultures can range from the Ku Klux Klan to the Old Order Amish.4Counterculture•Ethnocentrism is the belief that one's culture and way of life are superior to those of other groups. •Cultural relativism involves recognizing that no culture is better than another and that a culture should be judged by its own standards.4Ethnocentrism vs. Cultural RelativismDiscussion•In what ways is ethnocentrism functional?•In what ways is ethnocentrism dysfunctional?•In what ways is cultural relativism functional?4•Multiculturalism refers to the coexistence of many cultures in the same geographic area, without any one culture dominating another.•Multiculturalism is also called cultural pluralism.4MulticulturalismDiscussionIs cultural pluralism good for a society? Why or why not?4POPULAR CULTURE•Popular culture refers to the beliefs, practices, activities, and products that are widely shared among a population in everyday life.–It includes television, music, magazines, radio, advertising, sports, fashions, movies, and food.5Discussion•How are we influenced by …?–Television–Advertising–Music–Clothing fashions5CULTURAL CHANGE AND TECHNOLOGY6Culture is both stable and dynamic.•Cultural persistence–Culture is transmitted to new generations.–New behaviors and beliefs adapt to existing ones.–Life would be chaotic and unpredictable without cultural integration.6Cultural PersistenceCultural Change•Diffusion—the process through which components of culture spread from one society to another•Invention—the process of creating new


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RCC SOC 1 - Culture

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