Chapter 12Chapter OutlineSlide 3An Overview Of Education And ReligionEducationSociological Perspectives on EducationSlide 7Slide 8Slide 9Manifest Functions of EducationLatent Functions of EducationConflict PerspectiveCultural Capital and Class ReproductionTracking and Social InequalityThe Hidden CurriculumSlide 16Symbolic Interactionist PerspectiveUnequal Funding of Public SchoolsSchool ViolenceDropping OutRacial Segregation and ResegregationCommunity CollegesSlide 23The Cost of a College EducationRacial and Ethnic Differences in EnrollmentEducational Achievement: Persons 25 and OverReligion and the Meaning of LifeReligionFour Categories of ReligionSlide 30Major World ReligionsSlide 32Slide 33Functionalist PerspectiveSlide 35Slide 36Characteristics of Churches and SectsSlide 38Slide 39Major U.S. Denominations That Self-identify As ChristianSlide 41U.S. Religious Bodies MembershipSociological Perspectives On Education And ReligionSlide 44Slide 45Chapter 12Education and ReligionChapter Outline•An Overview of Education and Religion•Sociological Perspectives on Education•Problems Within Elementary and Secondary Schools•Opportunities and Challenges in Colleges and Universities•Religion in Historical PerspectiveChapter Outline•Sociological Perspectives on Religion•Types of Religious Organization•Trends in Religion in the United States•Education and Religion in the FutureAn Overview Of Education And Religion•Education and religion are socializing institutions.•The sociology of education examines formal education or schooling in industrial societies.•The sociology of religion focuses on religious groups and organizations, on the behavior of individuals within those groups, and how religion is intertwined with other social institutions.Education•The social institution responsible for the transmission of knowledge, skills, and cultural values within a formally organized structure. •In all societies, people must acquire certain knowledge and skills in order to survive. –In less-developed societies, this might include hunting, gathering, fishing and farming.–In developed societies, knowledge and skills are related to the requirements of the job market.Sociological Perspectives on Education•Functionalists suggest that education contributes to the maintenance of society and provides opportunity for upward social mobility. •Manifest functions; are open, stated, and intended goals or consequences of activities within an organization or institution. •What is the manifest function of education?Sociological Perspectives on Education•What some functionalist argue about U.S. education. •Conflict theorists argue that education perpetuates social inequality.•Symbolic interactionists focus on classroom dynamics and the effect of self-concept on grades and aspirations.Sociological Perspectives on Education•Symbolic interactionists; in school, teachers and administrations are empowered to label children in various ways, including grades,……Sociological Perspectives on Education•What Conflict theorists do believe about tracking?Manifest Functions of Education•Socialization•Transmission of culture•Social control•Social placement•Change and innovationLatent Functions of Education•Restricting some activities.•Matchmaking and production of social networks.•Creating a generation gap.Conflict Perspective•Education reproduces existing class relationships.•Unequal funding is a source of inequality in education.•Access to colleges and universities is determined not only by academic record but also by the ability to pay.Cultural Capital and Class Reproduction•Cultural capital; refers to social assets that includes, values, belief, attitudes, and competencies in language and culture. •socially approved dress and manners, knowledge about books, art, music•The educational system teaches and reinforces values that sustain the elite’s position in society.Tracking and Social Inequality•Tracking is the practice of assigning students to specific groups based on their test scores, previous grades, or other criteria.•Conflict theorists believe tracking affects educational performance and overall academic accomplishments.The Hidden Curriculum•A study of five elementary schools in different communities found:–Schools for working-class students emphasize procedures and rote memorization.–Schools for middle-class students stress the processes involved in getting the right answer.The Hidden Curriculum–Schools for affluent students focus on activities in which students express their own ideas.–Schools for students from elite families work to develop critical thinking skills, applying abstract principles to problem solving.Symbolic Interactionist Perspective•Self-Fulfilling Prophecy- students perform according to expectations of teachers.–Girls learn to attribute success to effort.–Boys learn to attribute success to intelligence.Unequal Funding of Public Schools•State and local governments contribute about 47% each toward education and the federal government pays the remaining 6%.•In recent years, some states have been held accountable for unequal funding that results in “rich” and “poor” school districts. •Voucher systems would allow families to spend government money to purchase education at the school of their choice.School Violence•In the 1990’s violent acts resulted in numerous deaths in schools across the nation. •Schools in Pearl, Mississippi, West Paducah, Kentucky, Jonesboro, Arkansas, Springfield, Oregon, and Littleton, Colorado, witnessed a series of killings in schools by students that shocked people across the world.Dropping Out•About 10% of people between the ages of 14 and 24 left school before earning a high school diploma. •Dropout Rates:–Latinos/(Hispanics) - 24%–African Americans - 12.2%–non-Hispanic whites - 7.9%–Asian Americans - 1%Racial Segregation and Resegregation•In 1954 the U.S. Supreme Court ruled that “separate but equal” segregated schools are unconstitutional.•Five decades later, racial segregation remains a fact of life in education.•Efforts to bring about desegregation or integration have failed in districts throughout the countryCommunity Colleges•In 1948 a presidential commission report called for the establishment of a network of public community colleges that would:–charge little or no tuition–serve as cultural centers–be comprehensive in
View Full Document
Unlocking...