Chapter 3Questions for you…Chapter OutlineSlide 4SocializationWhy Socialization Is ImportantLife-Long ProcessHow Much Do You Know About Socialization and the College Experience?How Much Do You Know About Socialization and the College Experience?Slide 10Slide 11Human DevelopmentFreud’s Theory of PersonalitySlide 14Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive DevelopmentSlide 16Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral ReasoningSlide 18Gilligan’s Stages of Female Moral DevelopmentCooley: The Looking-Glass SelfThe Looking-Glass SelfMead and Role-takingMead’s Three Stages of Self-DevelopmentSlide 24Agents of SocializationQuestion…Polling QuestionFunctionalist Perspective: Functions of SchoolsConflict Perspective: SchoolsMedia As Socializing AgentsSlide 31Quick QuizAnswer: BSlide 35Answer: ASlide 37Answer: DSlide 39Answer: CSlide 41Answer: CChapter 3SocializationQuestions for you…Which agents of socialization have had the greatest impact on your development?FamilyEducationPeer GroupThe MediaReligionChapter OutlineWhy Is Socialization Important Around the Globe?Social Psychological Theories of Human DevelopmentSociological Theories of Human DevelopmentChapter OutlineAgents of SocializationGender and Racial-Ethnic SocializationSocialization Through the Life CourseResocializationSocialization in the FutureSocializationThe lifelong process of social interaction through which individuals acquire a self identity and the physical, mental, and social skills needed for survival in society.Socialization is the essential link between the individual and society.Socialization is the process through which we become human.Why Socialization Is ImportantTeaches us ways to think, talk and act that are necessary for social living.Ensures that members of society are socialized to support the existing social structure.Allows society to pass culture on to the next generation.Life-Long ProcessChildren need to be surrounded by people who care for them, interact with them and provide for their basic needs. This is essential for complete growth and development.Children who are isolated, abused or neglected may experience long term developmental challenges.How Much Do You Know About Socialization and theCollege Experience? True or False ?Professors are the primary agents of socialization for college students.How Much Do You Know About Socialization and theCollege Experience?False.Numerous studies have concluded that although professors are important in helping students learn about the academic side of the college experience, our friends and acquaintances help us adapt to higher education.How Much Do You Know About Socialization and theCollege Experience? True or False?In recent studies, few students report that they spend time studying with other students.How Much Do You Know About Socialization and theCollege Experience? False.A recent study reported in The Chronicle of Higher Education found that 87.7 percent of first-year students at four-year colleges stated that they studied with other students. Similar data are not available for students at two-year schools.Would this percentage be higher, lower, or about the same at two-year and community colleges?Human DevelopmentEach of us is a product of two forces: 1. Heredity- “nature” •Determines our physical makeup.2. Social environment -“nurture.”•Determines how we develop and behave.Freud’s Theory of PersonalityFreud’s Theory of PersonalityHuman development occurs in three states that reflect different levels of personality:IdEgoSuperegoPiaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development1. Sensorimotor stage (birth to age 2) - children understand the world through sensory contact and immediate action.2. Preoperational stage (age 2 to 7) - children begin to use words as symbols and form mental images.Piaget’s Stages of Cognitive Development3. Concrete operational stage (7 to 11) - children think in terms of tangible objects and events.4. Formal operational stage (12 and up) - adolescents begin to think about the future and evaluate different courses of action.Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Reasoning1. Preconventional level (7 to 10)Children’s perceptions are based on punishment and obedience.2. Conventional level (10 to adult)People are concerned with how they are perceived by peers and how one conforms to rules.Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Reasoning3. Postconventional level (few adults reach this stage)People view morality in terms of individual rights; “moral conduct” is judged by principles based on human rights that transcend government and laws.Gilligan’s Stages of Female Moral DevelopmentStage 1: A woman is motivated primarily by selfish concerns.Stage 2: She recognizes her responsibility to others.Stage 3: She makes a decision based on a desire to do the greatest good for self and for others.Cooley: The Looking-Glass Self1. We imagine how we look to others.2. We imagine how other people judge the appearance that we think we present.•If we think the evaluation is favorable our self-concept is enhanced.•If we think the evaluation is unfavorable, our self-concept is diminished.The Looking-Glass SelfMead and Role-takingThe self is divided into “I” and “Me”:“I” represents the unique traits of each person.“Me” is composed of the demands of others and the awareness of those demands. “I” develops first. “Me” is formed during three stages of self development.Mead’s Three Stages of Self-Development1. Preparatory Stage (up to age 3)Children prepare for role-taking by imitating the people around them.2. Play Stage (3 - 5)Children begin to see themselves in relation to others.Mead’s Three Stages of Self-Development3. Game Stage (early school years)Children understand their social position and the positions of those around them.Children become concerned about the demands and expectations of others.Agents of SocializationFamilyPeer GroupSchoolMass MediaThese agents, as well as others, help to facilitate the process of socialization.Question…Which agent of socialization has had the greatest impact on your development? What role did this agent play in helping to make you the person that you are?Polling QuestionWhich agent of socialization do you think is the most responsible for gender differences in how males and females are socialized?A. The familyB. ReligionC. The peer groupD. EducationE.
View Full Document
Unlocking...