Riverside community College Introduction to Sociology Test #3 Study Guide ____ 1. ____ is a category of people who have been singled out as inferior or superior, often on the basis of real or alleged physical characteristics such as skin color, hair texture, eye shape, or other subjectively selected attributes. a. Ethnic group b. Race c. Tribal group d. Culture ____ 2. ____ is a collection of people distinguished by others or by themselves, primarily on the basis of cultural or nationality characteristics. a. Culture b. Tribal group c. Race d. Ethnic group ____ 3. Examples of a(n) ____ include Jewish Americans, Irish Americans, and Italian Americans. a. ethnic group b. tribal group c. culture d. race ____ 4. Ethnic groups share five main characteristics. Which of the following characteristics is not shared by ethnic groups? a. a sense of community b. a feeling of ethnocentrism c. unique genetic variations d. territoriality ____ 5. Persons of color and white women are considered to be ____ group members in the United States, particularly when these individuals are from lower-income categories.a. dominant b. multilateral c. majority d. minority ____ 6. From a sociological perspective, ____ is a negative attitude based on faulty generalizations about members of specific racial, ethnic, or other groups. a. prejudice b. discrimination c. stereotyping d. profiling ____ 7. During World War II, Japan was an "enemy" of the United States, and some people in this country referred to everyone in Japan (or originating from that country) as "Japs." This is an example of ____. a. discrimination b. profiling c. prejudice d. stereotyping ____ 8. In the context of racial and ethnic relations, ____ refers to the tendency to regard one's own culture and group as the standard, and thus superior, whereas all other groups are seen as inferior. a. stereotyping b. ethnocentrism c. discrimination d. prejudice ____ 9. Ethnocentrism is maintained and perpetuated by ____, which is/are overgeneralization(s) about the appearance, behavior, or other characteristics of members of particular categories. a. prejudices b. stereotypes c. discrimination d. profiling____ 10. According to sociologists, sports team names are examples of stereotypes. Which of the following sports team names is not an example of a stereotype? a. Atlanta Braves b. Pittsburgh Penguins c. Kansas City Chiefs d. Washington Redskins ____ 11. ____ is a set of attitudes, beliefs, and practices used to justify the superior treatment of one racial or ethnic group and the inferior treatment of another racial or ethnic group. a. Profiling b. Discrimination c. Stereotyping d. Racism ____ 12. ____ is blatant and may take the form of public statements about the "inferiority" of members of a racial or ethnic group. a. Open racism b. Subtle racism c. Overt racism d. Closed racism ____ 13. The ____ states that people who are disappointed in their efforts to achieve a highly desired goal will respond with a pattern of assertiveness toward others. a. social learning theory b. authoritarian personality principle c. frustration-aggression hypothesis d. social convergence hypothesis ____ 14. A(n) ____ is a person or group that is incapable of offering resistance to the hostility or aggression of others. a. frustrated nonaggressor b. scapegoat c. racist dauthoritarian personality. ____ 15. Initially, children do not have a frame of reference from which to question the prejudices of their relatives and friends. When they are rewarded with smiles or laughs for telling derogatory jokes or making negative comments about outgroup members, children's prejudiced attitudes may be reinforced. According to symbolic interactionists, this exemplifies ____. a. social learning b. frustration-aggression c. the authoritarian personality d. unprejudiced discrimination ____ 16. Psychologist Theodor W. Adorno and his colleagues concluded that highly prejudiced individuals tend to have a(n) ____, which is characterized by excessive conformity, submissiveness to authority, intolerance, insecurity, a high level of superstition, and rigid, stereotypic thinking. a. frustrated-aggressive demeanor b. authoritarian personality c. scapegoat obsession d. superiority complex ____ 17. ____ involves actions or practices of dominant group members (or their representatives) that have a harmful impact on members of a subordinate group. a. Prejudice b. Racism c. Stereotyping d. Discrimination ____ 18. A restaurant owner in the South during the 1950s does not feel negatively towards African Americans but refuses to serve them in his restaurant. According to Robert Merton's typology, the restaurant owner is a(n) ____. a. unprejudiced discriminator b. prejudiced nondiscriminator c. prejudiced discriminator d. unprejudiced nondiscriminator ____ 19. According to sociologist Robert Merton's typology of prejudice and discrimination, ____ are not personally prejudiced and do not discriminate against others. a. prejudiced discriminatorsb. unprejudiced nondiscriminators c. prejudiced nondiscriminators d. unprejudiced discriminators ____ 20. Two players on a professional sports team are best friends; it so happens that one player is white and the other is African American. According to sociologist Robert Merton's typology of prejudice and discrimination, these players are ____. a. unprejudiced nondiscriminators b. unprejudiced discriminators c. prejudiced nondiscriminators d. prejudiced discriminators ____ 21. The ultimate form of discrimination occurs when people are considered to be unworthy to live because of their race or ethnicity. An example of this is ____ , the deliberate, systematic killing of an entire people or nation. a. Discrimination b. Genocide c. Prejudice d. Racism ____ 22. Examples of ____ include the killing of thousands of Native Americans by white settlers in North America and the extermination of six million European Jews by Nazi Germany. a. prejudice b. discrimination c. genocide d. racism ____ 23. In some areas, such as Yugoslavia, people who are members of particular subordinate groups have been forced to flee or die. This is an example of ____. a. genocide b. ethnic cleansing c. ethnocentrism dauthoritarianism. ____ 24. ____ discrimination consists of one-on-one acts by members of the dominant group that harm members of the subordinate group or their property. a. Individual b. Standard
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