Slide 1After studying this chapter, you should be able to do the following:Two main goals that assist with approaching a study scientifically significantlyResearch ProcessSlide 5Step 1: Define the ProblemSlide 7Slide 8Step 2: Review Previous ResearchStep 3: Develop One of More HypothesesSlide 11Slide 12Slide 13Slide 14Slide 15Step 4: Determine the research designSlide 17Slide 18Slide 19Slide 20Slide 21Table 2-2 The Advantages and Disadvantages of Various Research Methods Research Method Advantages DisadvantagesStep 5: Define Sample and Collect DataSlide 24Slide 25Slide 26Step 6: Analyze the Data and Draw a ConclusionSlide 28Slide 29Slide 30Step 7: Prepare the Research ReportObjectivity in Sociological ResearchSlide 33Ethical Issues in Sociological ResearchSlide 35Slide 36The Research ProcessThe Research ProcessChapter 2Chapter 2After studying this chapter, you should After studying this chapter, you should be able to do the following:be able to do the following:Explain the steps in the sociological research process.Explain the steps in the sociological research process.Analyze the strengths and weaknesses of the various research Analyze the strengths and weaknesses of the various research designs.designs.Know what independent and dependent variables are.Know what independent and dependent variables are.Know what sampling is and how to create a representative sample.Know what sampling is and how to create a representative sample.Recognize researcher bias and how it can invalidate a study.Recognize researcher bias and how it can invalidate a study.Explain the strengths and weaknesses of the various measures of Explain the strengths and weaknesses of the various measures of central tendency.central tendency.Read and understand the contents of a table.Read and understand the contents of a table.Explain the concepts of reliability and validity.Explain the concepts of reliability and validity.Understand the problems of objectivity and ethical issues that arise Understand the problems of objectivity and ethical issues that arise in sociological research.in sociological research.Two main goals that assist with approaching Two main goals that assist with approaching a study scientifically significantlya study scientifically significantlyDescribe in detail particular things and Describe in detail particular things and eventseventsPropose and test theories that help Propose and test theories that help understand things are eventsunderstand things are eventsResearch ProcessResearch ProcessInvolves the following:Involves the following:Defining a problemDefining a problemReviewing previous research on the topicReviewing previous research on the topicDeveloping one or more hypothesesDeveloping one or more hypothesesDetermining the research designDetermining the research designDefining the sample and collecting dataDefining the sample and collecting dataAnalyzing and interpreting dataAnalyzing and interpreting dataPreparing the research reportPreparing the research reportTable2-1Table2-1TheResearchProcessTheResearchProcessStepsintheProcessStepsintheProcessTypicalQuestionsTypicalQuestionsDefinetheproblemDefinetheproblemWhat is the purpose of the study?What is the purpose of the study?What information is needed?What information is needed?How can we operationalize the terms?How can we operationalize the terms?How will the information be used?How will the information be used?ReviewpreviousresearchReviewpreviousresearchWhat studies have already been done on What studies have already been done on this topic?this topic?Do we need additional information before we begin?Do we need additional information before we begin?From what perspective should we approach this issue?From what perspective should we approach this issue?DeveloponeormorehypothesesDeveloponeormorehypothesesWhat are the independent and dependent variables?What are the independent and dependent variables?What is the relationship among the variables?What is the relationship among the variables?What types of questions do we need to answer?What types of questions do we need to answer?DeterminetheresearchdesignDeterminetheresearchdesign Can we use existing data?Can we use existing data?What will we measure or observe?What will we measure or observe?What research methods should we use?What research methods should we use?DefinethesampleandcollectdataDefinethesampleandcollectdataAre we interested in a specific population?Are we interested in a specific population?How large should the sample be?How large should the sample be?Who will gather the data?Who will gather the data?How long will it take?How long will it take?AnalyzethedataanddrawAnalyzethedataanddrawconclusionsconclusionsWhat statistical techniques will we use?What statistical techniques will we use?Have our hypotheses been proved or disproved?Have our hypotheses been proved or disproved?Is our information valid and reliable?Is our information valid and reliable?What are the implications of our study?What are the implications of our study?PreparetheresearchreportPreparetheresearchreportWho will read the report?Who will read the report?What is their level of familiarity with the subject?What is their level of familiarity with the subject?How should we structure the report?How should we structure the report?Step 1: Define the ProblemStep 1: Define the ProblemTwo types of Two types of questions that questions that will assist will assist with defining with defining the problemthe problemEmpiricalEmpiricalEx: How many students Ex: How many students in this class have an A?in this class have an A?OperationalOperationalEx: What are some Ex: What are some features of love? features of love?Empirical QuestionEmpirical QuestionA question that can be answered by A question that can be answered by observing and analyzing the world as it is observing and analyzing the world as it is knownknownOperational definition Operational definition A definition of an abstract concept in terms of A definition of an abstract concept in terms of the observable features that describe the the observable features that describe the thing being investigatedthing being investigatedStep 2: Review Previous Step 2: Review Previous ResearchResearchBy knowing as much possible
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