CHAPTER 5 – Social Interaction and Social StructureFill in the BlankSelect the missing terms from each section and place them in the correct blank space.Section 1Achieved Ascribed ChangeCompartmentalize Compromising or negotiating Control or changeDeny Haphazard or random InterruptMaster status Orderly and predictable PrioritiesRole Role conflict Role performance Role set Role strain Social interactionSocial order Social structure Status setStatusesSocial interaction is the process by which we act toward and react to people around us. This process is influenced by social structure, an organized pattern of behavior that governs people’s relationships. This structure directs the way we act, helping us feel like life is orderly and predictable rather than haphazard or random. We all hold different statuses in society – different social positions. The collection of all these social statuses is called a status set. If you are born with a social position, it is an ascribed status. These are statuses we can’t control or change, such as age or race. On the other hand, an achieved status is one that we earn; these statuses change over time. The status that primarily determines our identity is our master status.A role is the behavior expected of a particular status. These expectations help maintain social order. Role performance is the actual behavior of a person who occupies a status. The term role set refers to the different roles attached to a single status. Frustration because of conflicting expectations for two or more statuses is known as role conflict. Role strain is tension a person feels from expectations within one role.There are several ways to deal with role conflict and role strain. The least effective way is to deny that there’s a problem. Better solutions include compromising or negotiating, where you make a deal to give and take. You can set priorities by figuring out which expectations are most important. You can also compartmentalize roles by separating expectations into categories.CHAPTER 5 – Social Interaction and Social StructureFill in the BlankSelect the missing terms from each section and place them in the correct blank space.Section 2Back stage Breaking Conversational dominance Dramaturgical analysis Emotional labor Emotions Feeling rules Front stage Impression managementLonger Maintain closeness More Observing Props PunishmentsRewards Satisfying Social exchange theory Social interaction Socially constructed Take chargeTalking about their feelingsInteractionists explain social interaction by looking at the way people understand their behavior and thebehavior of others. The way we understand behavior is socially constructed - we produce, interpret, andshare the reality of everyday life with others. We make sense of our everyday lives by observing conversations to learn social rules of behavior; we also learn social rules by breaking them. Dramaturgical analysis analyzes interaction as if individuals were theatrical performers. Using impression management, we present the parts of ourselves that are most favorable in a given context. Like stage performers, we use props to help us present a particular image (i.e., a police officer wears a badge). The front stage is where the actual performance happens. The back stage is hidden from the audience.Social exchange theory says social interaction is based on each person’s desire to maximize rewards and minimize punishments. From this perspective, interactions that balance give and take are most satisfying. Emotions are an important part of social interaction. Feeling rules shape the appropriate emotions for a given role or situation. Many occupations demand emotional labor – feeling rules in the workplace.Feminists note that women are usually socialized to be more comfortable talking about their feelings. Men are socialized to be dominant and take charge. Women tend to use communication to develop and maintain relationships. Talk is a way to foster closeness and understanding. Men’s speech often reflects conversational dominance, speaking more frequently and for longer periods. These behaviors reflect the way men and women are socialized.CHAPTER 5 – Social Interaction and Social StructureFill in the BlankSelect the missing terms from each section and place them in the correct blank space.Section 3Blur Context-specific Change Cultural norms Clearly defined Cyber-bullyingCyberspace Facial Flexible Gender socialization Impersonal Informal and relaxedMen Nonverbal communication Personal spaceSocial classes Socioeconomic SpamTelecommuters True VirusesVisual WomenMessages that are sent without using words are called nonverbal communication. Visual nonverbal communication includes gestures, facial expressions, and eye contact, but is often context-specific. Facial expressions can let us know how people feel, but can be hard to interpret. Facial expressions don’t always show our true emotions. Facial expressions change over time because of socialization and can be misleading because of cultural differences. Personal space, the distance between people during interaction, is important in everyday behavior. The amount of personal space we require depends on power, status, and cultural norms. In a formal, public sphere, we usually have clearly defined spaces. Private spaces are usually more informal and relaxed. People with higher socioeconomic status usually take up more space. Cyberspace is an online world of computer networks. The biggest digital divide is between social classes. Women are more likely to use e-mail to contact friends and family members for news and advice. Men are more likely to engage in financial activities, to research products, and to get informationon their hobbies. These differences reflect gender socialization. Cyberspace communication is more impersonal than face-to-face interaction. We are vulnerable to spam e-mails and viruses that can destroy material on a hard driveMany U.S. teens have experienced cyber-bullying such as receiving threatening messages, having an embarrassing picture posted, or having rumors about them spread online. Individuals who work from home, also called telecommuters, cite numerous benefits, such as having a flexible work schedule. However, telecommuting can blur the line between home life and
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