Chapter 11Chapter OutlineTraditional Definition of FamilyNew Definition of FamilyFamily Structure and CharacteristicsSlide 6MarriageMonogamyPolygamyPatterns of Unilineal DescentBilateral descentBilineal DescentPower and Authority in FamiliesHousehold Composition: 1970 and 2000Residential PatternsEndogamy and ExogamyDurkheim and division of laborTheoretical Perspectives On Families Slide 19Theoretical Perspective on FamilyFunctionalist Perspective: Four Functions of FamiliesConflict PerspectiveSymbolic Interactionist PerspectivePostmodern PerspectiveCohabitationDomestic PartnershipsWhy People Get MarriedHomogamyHousework and Child-Care ResponsibilitiesDeciding to Have ChildrenInfertilityAdoptionTeen PregnancyPrimary Reasons for Teen Pregnancy: MicrolevelMyths of Teenage FathersSingle ParentingTwo-Parent HouseholdsU.S. Marital Status:15 and over by EthnicityTwo Important Facts About FamiliesCharacteristics of Those Likely to Get DivorcedSlide 41DivorceBlended FamiliesChapter 11Families and Intimate RelationshipsChapter Outline•Families in Global Perspective•Theoretical Perspectives on Families•Developing Intimate Relationships and Establishing Families•Child-Related Family Issues and Parenting•Transition and Problems in Families•Family Issues in the FutureTraditional Definition of Family•A group of people who are related by blood, marriage, or adoption, live together, are an economic unit, and bear and raise children.New Definition of Family •Relationships in which people live together with commitment, form an economic unit and care for any young, and consider their identity to be significantly attached to the group.Family Structure and Characteristics•Kinship refers to a social network of people based on common ancestry, marriage, or adoption. •Family of orientation is the family into which a person is born and in which early •socialization usually takes place. •Family of procreation is the family a person forms by having or adopting children.Family Structure and Characteristics•An extended family is composed of relatives in addition to parents and children who live in the same household. •A nuclear family is composed of one or two parents and their dependent children, all of whom live apart from other relatives.Marriage •Legally recognized arrangement between two or more individuals that carries certain rights and obligations. •Monogamy is the only form of marriage sanctioned by law in the United States.•Establishes a system of descent so kinship can be determined.Monogamy•A marriage between two partners, usually a woman and a man.•Through a pattern of marriage, divorce, and remarriage, some people practice serial monogamy—a succession of marriages in which a person has several spouses over a lifetime but is legally married to only one person at a time.Polygamy•The concurrent marriage of a person of one sex with two or more members of the opposite sex. –The most prevalent form of polygamy is polygyny—the concurrent marriage of one man with two or more women. •Polyandry is the concurrent marriage of one woman with two or more men.Patterns of Unilineal Descent•Patrilineal descent traces descent through the father’s side of the family. •Matrilineal descent is a system of tracing descent through mother’s side of the family.Bilateral descent•Bilateral Descent; is used in the United States for the purpose of determining kinship and inheritance right; however, children typically take the father’s last name.Bilineal Descent•Tracing kinship through both parents. •The most common form is bilateral descent.–A system of tracing descent through both the mother’s and father’s sides of the family.Power and Authority in Families•A patriarchal family is a family structure in which authority is held by the eldest male.•A matriarchal family is a family structure in which authority is held by the eldest female.•An egalitarian family is a family structure in which both partners share power and authority equally.Household Composition: 1970 and 20001970 2000Married couples with children 40.3% 24.1%Married couples without children30.3% 28.7%Persons living Alone 17.1% 25.5%Other family Households 10.6% 16%Other nonfamily households 1.7% 5.7%Residential Patterns•Patrilocal residence refers to a married couple living in the same household as the husband’s family. •Matrilocal residence refers to a married couple living in the same household as the wife’s parents. •Neolocal residence refers to a married couple living in their own residence apart from the husband’s and the wife’s parents.Endogamy and Exogamy•Endogamy is the practice of marrying within one’s own group. –In the United States, most people marry people who come from the same social class, racial–ethnic group, religious affiliation, and other categories considered important within their own social group.•Exogamy is the practice of marrying outside one’s own social group or category.Durkheim and division of labor•Durkheim believed that family ………..•What Talcott parsons did believe about the role of wife /mother at home?Theoretical Perspectives On Families Theory FocusFunctionalist Role of families in maintaining stability of society and individuals’well-being.Conflict/feministFamilies as sources ofconflict and social inequality.Theoretical Perspectives On Families Theory FocusInteractionist Family dynamics, including communication patterns and the subjective meanings people assign to events. Parents and other relatives are responsible for teaching children the necessary knowledge and skills to survive. Postmodernist Permeability of families.Theoretical Perspective on Family •Post modernist theory; permeability of familyFunctionalist Perspective: Four Functions of Families1. Sexual regulation2. Socialization3. Economic and psychological support for members.4. Provision of social status and reputation.Conflict Perspective•Families in capitalist economies are similar to workers in a factory:•Women are dominated at home the same way workers are dominated in factories.•Reproduction of children and care for family members reinforce subordination of women through unpaid labor.•Egalitarian familiesSymbolic Interactionist Perspective•How family problems are perceived and defined depends on:–Patterns of communication.–The meanings people give to roles and events.–Individual
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