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RCC SOC 1 - Gender Stratification

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Slide 1Are the Sexes Separate and Unequal?Slide 3Slide 4Slide 5Slide 6Historical ViewsReligious ViewsSlide 9Biological ViewsSlide 11Gender and Physiological DifferencesSlide 13Slide 14Slide 15Slide 16Slide 17What Produces Gender Inequality?The Functionalist ViewpointSlide 20Slide 21Slide 22Slide 23Slide 24Erik EriksonGender Inequality and WorkJob DiscriminationMost common Male and Female OccupationsSlide 29Five of the top 10 occupations for womenSlide 31Gender StratificationGender StratificationAre the Sexes Separate Are the Sexes Separate and Unequal?and Unequal?Chapter 11Chapter 11Are the Sexes Separate and Unequal?Are the Sexes Separate and Unequal?Sociology makes an important distinction Sociology makes an important distinction between sex and gender. between sex and gender.Sex Sex The physical and biological differences The physical and biological differences between men and women. between men and women. Sex differences are made evident by Sex differences are made evident by physical distinctions in anatomical, physical distinctions in anatomical, chromosomal, hormonal, and chromosomal, hormonal, and physiological characteristics.physiological characteristics.Gender Gender The social, psychological, and cultural The social, psychological, and cultural attributes of masculinity and femininity that attributes of masculinity and femininity that are based on the previous biological are based on the previous biological distinctions. distinctions.Historical ViewsHistorical ViewsWhat are some of the What are some of the traditional roles of traditional roles of menmen and and womenwomen??Religious ViewsReligious ViewsPatriarchal IdeologyPatriarchal Ideology The belief that men are superior to The belief that men are superior to women and should control all important women and should control all important aspects of society. aspects of society.According to traditional Islamic law and According to traditional Islamic law and tradition, three groups of people are not tradition, three groups of people are not eligible for legal and religious equality: eligible for legal and religious equality:Biological ViewsBiological ViewsAnimal Studies and Sociobiology Animal Studies and Sociobiology EthologyEthology The scientific study of animal behaviorThe scientific study of animal behavior..Ethnologists Ethnologists Observed that sexual differences in Observed that sexual differences in behavior exist throughout much of the behavior exist throughout much of the nonhuman animal world. nonhuman animal world. SociobiologistsSociobiologistsBelieve that much of human social Believe that much of human social behavior has a genetic basis behavior has a genetic basisGender and Physiological DifferencesGender and Physiological DifferencesThe study of gender roles must take into The study of gender roles must take into account the size and muscle development account the size and muscle development longevity and susceptibility to disease and longevity and susceptibility to disease and physical disorders.physical disorders.Gender-based biologyGender-based biologyIdentifies the biological and physiological Identifies the biological and physiological differences between men and women as differences between men and women as well as differences in responses to drugs.well as differences in responses to drugs.Hormone differences between men and Hormone differences between men and women affect how the brain functions. women affect how the brain functions.Why do you thinkWhy do you think women women live longer than men?live longer than men?In today’s society, how do In today’s society, how do menmen and and womenwomen responses to stress?responses to stress?How is gender and sex viewed?How is gender and sex viewed?What Produces Gender Inequality?What Produces Gender Inequality?Two theoretical approaches have been used Two theoretical approaches have been used to explain dominance and gender inequality: to explain dominance and gender inequality: ..The Functionalist ViewpointThe Functionalist ViewpointTalcott Parsons and Robert Bales (1955) applied Talcott Parsons and Robert Bales (1955) applied functionalist theory to the modern family. functionalist theory to the modern family. Argued that the division of labor and role differentiation Argued that the division of labor and role differentiation by sex are universal principles of family organization and by sex are universal principles of family organization and are functional to the modern family. are functional to the modern family. Believe that the family functions best when the father Believe that the family functions best when the father assumes the assumes the instrumental roleinstrumental role. .Instrumental roleInstrumental role Focuses on relationships between the family Focuses on relationships between the family and the outside world. and the outside world. Involves supporting and protecting the family. Involves supporting and protecting the family. The mother concentrates her energies on the The mother concentrates her energies on the expressive role expressive role which focuses on which focuses on relationships within the family and requires relationships within the family and requires her to provide the love and emotional support her to provide the love and emotional support needed to sustain the familyneeded to sustain the familyGender-Role SocializationGender-Role SocializationLifelong process whereby people learn the Lifelong process whereby people learn the values, attitudes, motivations, and values, attitudes, motivations, and behavior considered appropriate to each behavior considered appropriate to each sex according to their culture. sex according to their culture.Childhood SocializationChildhood SocializationParents carry in their minds images of what girls and Parents carry in their minds images of what girls and boys are like. boys are like. How they should behave, and what they should be in How they should behave, and what they should be in later life. later life. Parents respond differently to girls and boys right from Parents respond differently to girls and boys right from the beginning.the beginning. Girls are caressed more than boys, whereas boys are Girls are caressed more than boys, whereas boys are jostled and roughhoused more.jostled and roughhoused more. Mothers talk more to their daughters, and fathers Mothers talk more to their daughters, and


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RCC SOC 1 - Gender Stratification

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