CHAPTER 4 – SocializationFill in the BlankSelect the missing terms from each section and place them in the correct blank space.Section 1Continue Directly Family preparatoryFeminine Game GeneticallyImitation play Indirectly InteractionInternalized Judge LearnLooking-glass self Masculine MeasureNature nurture Perceive Self-feelingsSignificant others Social learning theories SocializationSociobiology_________ is the ongoing process of interaction where we gain a social identity and ways of thinking, feeling, and acting. Socialization also helps _________ cultural patterns from one generation to the next. When we _________ behaviors and expectations of our culture and accept them as part of ourselves, we have _________ those cultural values._________ is the theoretical approach that applies biological principles to explain the behavior of people. Most sociologists acknowledge that _________ affects human development, but argue that _________ is more important because socialization even affects biology. Margaret Mead analyzed cross-cultural gender expectations and found a wide variety of norms for men and women. She concluded that characteristics we think of as _________ (e.g., being aggressive) or _________ (e.g., being emotional) are culturally determined, not biologically determined. Many sociologists would like a “_________ informed sociology” acknowledging that the nature or nurture debate is outdated._________ argue that we learn new attitudes, beliefs, and behaviors as a part of our _________ with others, especially in childhood. We learn these behaviors both _________ through rewards and punishments, and _________ through imitating others. As we develop our self, Charles Horton Cooley argued that we develop a _________, a self-image based on how we think others see us. This progresses through several phases. In the first phase, we imagine how others _________ us. In the second phase, we imagine how others _________ us. In thethird phase, we experience _________.George Herbert Mead argued that the most critical socialization occurred in the _________. In the _________ stage, children learn through _________. In the _________ stage, children begin to use language and _________ the words and behaviors of “significant others”. In the _________ stage, children through adults begin to recognize the connections between roles.There are critics of the social learning approach. It is difficult to _________ some essential concepts such as self, me and I. Socialization also often depends on social context.CHAPTER 4 – SocializationFill in the BlankSelect the missing terms from each section and place them in the correct blank space.Section 2Adolescence Adulthood Agents of socializationAuthoritarian Authoritative ChildhoodIncreases Infancy Later lifeParenting Roles Peer Groups PermissiveResocialization Teachers and Schools Total institutionsUninvolved Work RolesThere are several _________ that teach us social values and norms. The family uses various parenting styles to socialize children. _________ is a rigid, unresponsive approach towards children, with a goal of controlling a child’s behavior. _________ is a warm, responsive, and involved yet unobtrusive approach. _________ is a lax approach where parents set few rules but are usually warm and responsive. _________ is an indifferent and neglectful approach._________ who are similar in age, social status, and interests are another agent of socialization. This group’s influence of usually _________ as children age. Another important agent of socialization includes _________, which teach children to think about the world in different ways.Socialization continues throughout the life course. During _________, we require constant attention from caregivers. _________ is a time when children spend more time playing than working, and is a fairly recent phenomenon. _________ is a prolonged stage in developed societies where young adults continue their education and put off adult responsibilities. During _________, we adopt a series of new roles, such as work and family roles. _________ include learning the social rules in a job setting. _________ are also learned – we do not know how to parent simply by giving birth. In _________, we must learn new roles, including being retired._________ is the process of unlearning old behaviors and adopting new behaviors or values. In _________, individuals are separated from the larger society, stripped of their identities, and must conform to new rules and
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