CHAPTER 13 – Families and AgingFill in the BlankSelect the missing terms from each section and place them in the correct blank space.Section 1Boomerang generation Care Committed Egalitarian Emotional EndogamyExogamy Extended Incest tabooLanguage Marriage Marriage marketMatriarchal Matrilocal MonogamyNeolocal Norms NuclearPatriarchal Patrilocal PolygamyReproduction Serial monogamy ValuesA family is an intimate group consisting of two or more people who: (1) live together in a committed relationship, (2) care for one another and any children, and (3) share close emotional ties and functions. Every society has norms regarding who may engage in sexual relations, with whom, and under what circumstances. One of the oldest rules that regulate sexual behavior is the incest taboo, a set of cultural norms and laws that forbid sexual intercourse between close blood relatives. The family also replenishes a country’s population through reproduction. The family socializes children so that they acquire language; absorb the accumulated knowledge, attitudes, beliefs, and values of their culture.One universal family pattern is marriage, a socially approved mating relationship that people expect to be stable and enduring, is also universal. When we pick a mate from within our own group (race, ethnicity, social class, etc.), we are practicing endogamy (or homogamy). Exogamy (or heterogamy) is the practice of selecting mates from outside one’s group. In Western societies, the typical family form is a nuclear family (married parents and their biological or adopted children). In much of the world, however, the most common family form is the extended family(parents and children as well as other kin). In a patrilocal residence pattern, newly married couples live with the husband’s family (the most common pattern around the world). In a matrilocal residence pattern, they live with the wife’s family. In a neolocal residence pattern, the newly married couple sets up its own residence (the most common pattern in industrialized societies). A recent phenomenon is the boomerang generation, young adults (especially men) who move back into their parents’ home after living independently for a while.Within different family systems, power over cultural, political, and economic resources is distributed differently. Within a matriarchal family system, the oldest females hold this power. Within a patriarchal family system the oldest men hold the power. In an egalitarian family system, both partnersshare power and authority fairly equally.A marriage market is the courtship process in which prospective spouses compare the assets and liabilities of eligible partners and choose the best available mate. The most common marriage pattern is monogamy, where one person is married exclusively to another person. Where divorce and remarriage rates are high, as in the United States, people are engaging in serial monogamy. Polygamy is a form of marriage in which a man or woman has two or more spouses.CHAPTER 13 – Families and AgingFill in the BlankSelect the missing terms from each section and place them in the correct blank space.Section 2Child care Cohabitation CollegeDemographic Divorce EarlyEconomy Education Escape routeHigher Increased InterpersonalLonger Macro-level Micro-levelNo-fault Professional careers StabilityStepfamily Technological Well-paidCouples of all ages experience divorce, the legal dissolution of a marriage. The U.S. divorce rate rose steadily during the twentieth century, peaked in the early 1980s, and then started dropping. There are many micro-level reasons for divorce. Divorce is easier than in the past because of no-fault divorce and technological advances, such as the Internet. On a macro-level, the economy also affects divorce rates. The recession that began in 2007 has probably increased marital stability because of the economic security of two incomes. On the other hand, high levels of credit card debt, job losses, and foreclosures can lead to more fighting, interpersonal unhappiness,conflict, and divorce. Demographic variables also help explain divorce rates. Marrying at an early age—especially under 18—is one of the strongest predictors of divorce. People with a college degree are less likely to divorce than those with only a high school education.There are also interpersonal reasons for divorce, like infidelity, conflict and communication problems. The major positive outcome of divorce is that it provides an escape route for people in miserable marriages. Through remarriage, many couples form a stepfamily.The number of single (including divorced, widowed, and never married) Americans increased between 1970 and 2008, but at least 90 percent will marry at least once during their lifetime. Like divorce rates, demographic factors also help explain the large number of single people. More education often means more income, and more income reduces financial barriers to marriage. Macro-level variables have also increased the number of single people. Many women advance their professional careers before marrying and having children. For men, the well-paid blue-collar jobs that once enabled high school graduates to support families are mostly gone. Such factors delay marriage and encourage cohabitation, an arrangement in which two unrelated people are not married but live together and have a sexual relationship. Generally, couples who live together before marriage have higher divorce rates than those who don’t live together before marriage. In dual-earner couples, both partners are employed outside the home. Employed mothers shoulder twice as much child care and housework as their spouses, but employed fathers often work much longerhours than do
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