CHAPTER 8 – Social StratificationFill in the BlankSelect the missing terms from each section and place them in the correct blank space.Section 1Autonomy Castes ChattelClosed Conspicuous consumption CumulativeFormal Income Life chancesLower Lower-middle Lower-upperOpen Power PrestigeProperty Slavery Social class Social stratification Socioeconomic status Underclass Upper-middle Upper-upper WealthWorking Working poor_________ is structured inequality between groups. A _________ is a category of people with similar social standing based on wealth, education, power, prestige, and other valued resources. An _________ stratification system allows movement up or down. In a _________ stratification system, movement from one social position to another is limited by ascribed statuses. In _________ stratification is based on heredity. An extreme form of inequality is _________, where people own others as property. In _________ slavery, people are bought and sold as commodities._________ is the money and other economic assets that a person or family owns, including property and income. _________ includes buildings, land, or stocks and bonds. _________ is money a person receives from wages, rents, or interest on savings accounts. Wealth builds; that is, it is _________ and produces income. Social stratification includes _________. The most prestigious occupations require more _________ education, pay more, and offer greater _________. Social stratification also includes _________, the ability of individuals or groups to achieve goals despite opposition. _________ is an overall ranking of a person’s position in the class hierarchy based on income, education, and occupation. _________ class members are extremely wealthy and value their privacy. They rarely appear on the lists of wealthiest individuals published by Forbes or Business Week. The _________ class is the nouveau riche and is more diverse than the upper-uppers.Most Americans describe themselves as _________ class. The _________ class consists of skilled and semiskilled laborers, factory employees, and other blue-collar workers. The _________ class has little education, few occupational skills, and work in minimum wage jobs. The _________ work at least27 weeks a year but receive such low wages that they live in or near poverty. The _________ is persistently poor, segregated residentially, and relatively isolated from the rest of the population.Max Weber used the term _________ to refer to the extent to which people have positive stratification experiences and can secure the good things in life.CHAPTER 8 – Social StratificationFill in the BlankSelect the missing terms from each section and place them in the correct blank space.Section 2Absolute poverty Culture of poverty Davis-MooreDemographic Economy Families with childrenHabitus Homelessness HorizontalImportant Intergenerational IntragenerationalJobs Meritocracy OrganizationPoverty Qualified RelativeReward Social mobility Vertical Women Work_________ is not having enough money to afford the most basic necessities of life. _________ poverty is not having enough money to maintain an average standard of living. The _________ line is the minimal level of income that the federal government considers necessary for basic subsistence. Several theories work to explain poverty. The _________ view argues that poor people have different values, attitudes and beliefs than those who are not poor. Many sociologists argue that a society’s _________ creates and sustains poverty. One severe consequence of poverty is _________, including people who live in automobiles, have makeshift housing such as boxes and boxcars, or stay with relatives for short periods. Single men are 68 percent of the homeless, _________ 23 percent, and single _________ 9 percent. Most Americans believe in _________, a person’s ability to move up or down the class hierarchy. _________ mobility means moving from one position to another at the same class level. _________ mobility refers to moving up or down the class hierarchy. _________ mobility refers to moving up or down the class hierarchy over one’s lifetime. _________ mobility is moving up or down the class hierarchy relative to the position of one’s parents. Many factors related to social mobility are structural, including changes in the_________, and the numberof _________. Three of the most important _________ factors affecting social mobility are education,gender, and race and ethnicity. On an individual level, the habits of speech and lifestyle that reflect our class position – called _________ – are influenced by socialization. Other factors, such as chance, are also important factors in upward mobility.The _________ thesis, a functionalist explanation, argues that stratification is beneficial for society because:society needs individuals to perform a variety of _________; some positions are more _________ than others; the most _________ people must fill the most important positions; and society must _________ the most qualified people. This view reflects a belief in _________, a belief that individuals are rewarded for their achievements.CHAPTER 8 – Social StratificationFill in the BlankSelect the missing terms from each section and place them in the correct blank space.Section 3Bourgeoisie Corporate welfare Dependency theoryFeminization of poverty High-income ImpoverishedLow-income Middle-income MobileMore Patriarchal Poor Proletariat Reputation Responsibilities Self-interest Similar Social mobilitySocialize Structural Symbols Upwardly World-system theoryKarl Marx used a conflict approach to argue that the competition between the _________ (those who own the means of production) and the _________ (workers who sell their labor for wages) drives social organization so that the powerful maintain their power and wealth. For example, _________ provides direct subsidies, tax breaks, and assistance that the government has created for businesses. Marx predicted that the conflict between these two groups would eventually cause capitalism to crumble. However, workers did not become _________, as he predicted. People do not always act out of economic _________ and this theory does not emphasize the ability of individuals to be _________ mobile.Feminist theorists contend that in a _________ system men shape the social stratification system because they control a disproportionate share of wealth, prestige, and power.
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