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RCC SOC 1 - Families and Aging

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CHAPTER 13: FAMILIES AND AGINGWHAT IS A FAMILY?Slide 3Slide 4ApplicationFamily TypesResidenceSlide 8AuthorityMate SelectionHOW U.S. FAMILIES ARE CHANGINGSlide 12Slide 13Slide 14DiscussionSinglehood and Postponing MarriageSlide 17Slide 18CohabitationSlide 20Slide 21Unmarried ParentsSlide 23Slide 24Two-Income FamiliesSlide 26DIVERSITY IN AMERICAN FAMILIESLatino FamiliesAfrican American FamiliesAmerican Indian FamiliesAsian American FamiliesMiddle East FamiliesGay and Lesbian FamiliesSlide 34Slide 35FAMILY CONFLICT AND VIOLENCEFamily Conflict and ViolenceSlide 38Child MaltreatmentSlide 40Elder Abuse and NeglectSlide 42OUR AGING SOCIETYAging in U.S.Aging in the WorldSlide 46SOCIOLOGICAL EXPLANATIONS OF FAMILY AND AGINGSlide 48Slide 49Sociological Explanations of Family and AgingSlide 51Slide 52Internet ConnectionsCHAPTER 13: FAMILIES AND AGINGWHAT IS A FAMILY?•A family is an intimate environment in which two or more people–live together in a committed relationship–see their identity as importantly attached to the group–share close emotional ties and functions1•Family functions:–Sexual regulation–Reproduction and socialization–Economic security–Emotional support–Social placement1What Is a Family?•Marriage—a socially approved mating relationship that people expect to be stable and enduring–Rules of endogamy require people to marry within a certain group.–Rules of exogamy require marriage outside the group.1What Is a Family?Application•Is it endogamy or exogamy?–In the United States, 24 states prohibit marriage between first cousins.–Orthodox Jews require that individuals marry within the faith.–Some states require that individuals marry someone of the opposite sex.–In India people were required to marry within their caste.Family Types•Nuclear family—family made up of married parents and their biological or adopted children•Extended family—two or more generations live together or in adjacent dwellings1Residence•Patrilocal—a newly married couple lives with the husband's family•Matrilocal—a newly married couple lives with the wife's family•Neolocal—the newly married couple sets up its own residence 1•Boomerang generation—young adults move back into their parents' home or never leave it–Recent phenomenon in industrialized nations1ResidenceAuthority•Matriarchal—the oldest females control cultural, political, and economic resources•Patriarchal—the oldest men control cultural, political, and economic resources•Egalitarian—both partners share power and authority equally1Mate Selection•Monogamy—one person is married exclusively to another person–Serial monogamy—individuals marry several people but only one at a time•Polygamy—a man or woman has two or more spouses–Polygyny—one husband, two or more women–Polyandry—one wife, two or more men1HOW U.S. FAMILIES ARE CHANGING•Divorce–About 41% of Americans divorce.•The U.S. divorce rate rose steadily during the 20th century and then plateaued.•In recent years, divorce rates have dropped.2•Macro-level reasons for high divorce rate–No-fault divorce–Technological advances–Changing gender roles2How U.S. Families Are Changing•Demographic variables–Early age at marriage–Lower education levels–Lower income levels2How U.S. Families Are Changing•Interpersonal reasons–Infidelity–Conflict–Communication problems–Substance abuse–Financial problems–Abuse2How U.S. Families Are ChangingDiscussionAmericans are increasingly tolerant of divorce. Why is it becoming more acceptable?2Singlehood and Postponing Marriage•Singles are increasing in the U.S.•45% of residents age 15 and over•Include divorced, widowed, and never married•Major factor is postponement of marriage.2•Reasons for postponement of marriage–Singles enjoy independence and autonomy.–Worry about divorce–Smaller pools of eligibles at older ages–Birth control and fertility treatments make family planning more controllable. 2Singlehood and Postponing MarriageSinglehood and Postponing Marriage2Cohabitation•"living together"•The number of U.S. unmarried-couple households has risen rapidly to over 5 million couples in 2006.•Sixty percent are in their mid-30s to mid-40s.•Cohabitors generally experience higher divorce rates.2Discussion•What are the benefits of cohabitation?•What are the costs of cohabitation?2Unmarried Parents•Thirty-nine percent of all U.S. births are to unmarried mothers.•Nonmarital birthrates are highest for black women and lowest for Asian American women.2•Children born to unwed couples are more likely to experience family instability and are at greater risk of poor health, behavioral problems and low academic achievement.•Children born to teen mothers are particularly likely to experience poverty and neglect.2Unmarried ParentsDiscussion•Is the rate of nonmarital births in the U.S. a problem?•If it is a problem, what should be done about it?2Two-Income Families•Dual-earner couples—both partners are employed outside the home•Employed married couples with children under 18 make up 65% of all married couples in the U.S.2•Second shift—household work and childcare employed parents must do•Traditionally the mother worked the second shift.2Two-Income FamiliesDIVERSITY IN AMERICAN FAMILIES•Family diversity—the variety of ways that families are structured and function to meet the needs of those defined as family members3Latino Families•Many Latinos stress familism—relationships that take precedence over individual decisions.•About 66% of Latino children live in two-parent families.•Middle-class, culturally assimilated Latinos tend to be more permissive.3African American Families•Black children are more likely to grow up in a single-parent family than children in other racial-ethnic families.•Many black families rely on fictive kin—nonrelatives who are part of the family.•Social class differences affect the African American family.3American Indian Families•About 62% of American Indian children live with 2 parents.•Supportive, extended family networks are important.•Child rearing often emphasizes cooperation, generosity, and spirituality over competition.3Asian American Families•Asian American households are likely to be extended.•Most children grow up in two-parent homes.•Many parents emphasize discipline, responsibility, and educational success.3Middle East Families•Most Middle East


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RCC SOC 1 - Families and Aging

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