ANCIENT MYTHOLOGY EAST AND WEST REVIEW SHEET FOR EXAM TWO PART I Multiple choice questions will incorporate the following terms listed below EGYPT 1 Ennead Ennead of Ptah o Ptah creator god ex nihilo creation o Created Nun and Naunet male and female primordial waters o Group of nine chief Egyptian divinities created by Ptah Atum Shu Tefnut Geb Nut Osiris Isis Seth Nephthys o Came into being through words and thought of Ptah Ennead of Atum Heliopolis o 9 Egyptian divinities originating from Atum Atum Ra children ch of Atum Shu and Tefnut ch of Shu and Tefnet Geb and Nut ch of Geb and Nut Osiris Isis Seth and Nephthys ch of Osiris and Isis Horus 2 Ptah Egyptian creator god God of crafts a judge Had sacred marriage with Sekhmet Represented wrapped like a mummy with a tight fitting cap Later become merged with Osiris Part of Divine Triad Ptah Sekhmet and Nefertem Created Nun and Naunet The male and female primordial waters Part of the Heliopolis Creation Myth a mound emerged from a watery Nun chaos with Atum upon it who begat himself Atum then begat Shu air and Tefnut moisture Creator god Came into being himself ex nihilo creation Later became merged with Re sun god Supreme god in Middle and New Kingdoms Beginning of Old Kingdom Pharaohs termed themselves as son of Atum Ra Represented as a falcon or with attributes of falcon with god Horus Lunar Goddess Represented as lion or with features of lion with disc disk above her head Created by Atum Ra 3 Atum Ra Atom Re God of the Sun 4 Tefnut 5 Shu Solar god Represented as lion or with features of lion or as man with feather on head Created by Atum Ra Had to separate Geb earth and Nut sky by lifting Nut up in her place in the sky 6 Geb Earth father Personification of the earth Represented as man with image of goose above his head Son of Shu and Tefnut Sibling of Nut 7 Nut Sky mother Personification of the vault of heaven Daughter of Shu and Tefnut Sibling of Geb 8 Sekhmet Mightly One Goddess of war Accompanied pharaohs into battle Represented as lioness or with features of lioness Sorceress with power to heal 9 Hathor Goddess of love beauty and music celestial goddess protector of women in pregnancy and childbirth Represented as a cow or with features of a cow Her titles include Mistress of Life mistress of the Great Wil Cow The Golden One Vengeful Eye of Ra Lady of Drunkenness 10 Seth God of chaos confusion storms wind the desert and foreign lands Rival of Osiris Co ruler of Egypt with Osiris Represented as an unrecognizable animal the species is uncertain In myth Geb and Nut were the divine rulers over Egypt Geb made their two sons Osiris and Seth as co rulers of Egypt Osiris was more popular and Seth became jealous Seth plots to kill Osiris in order to become the ruler of Egypt Osiris s wife Isis is pregnant so Seth tries to kill the pregnant Isis so that Osiris would have no heir and the land would fall to Seth 11 Osiris God of the dead Has son with Isis named Horus Color of skin White mummy s wrappings Black realm of the dead Father of the Pharaoh Rules the Underworld Duat Geb and Nut were the divine rulers over Egypt Geb made their two sons Osiris and Seth as co rulers of Egypt Osiris was more popular and Seth became jealous Seth plots to kill him in order to become the ruler of Egypt Osiris has two symbolic deaths o First Death Seth and his conspirators trick Osiris to go into a chest The chest was equal in dimensions to the body of Osiris They nail it shit and trap him in it and then throw the chest into the sea Osiris dies by drowning o Osiris s chest comes ashore near Malcander and Astarte Clump of Heather grows around chest and forms a tree Isis searches for the body of Osiris in order to give him a proper burial She hides Osiris s corpse o Second Death Seth discovers the body and cuts it into 14 pieces and scatters them throughout Egypt Isis sets out again to recover the body of Osiris She performs magic rites resurrecting him in the Underworld to become the Supreme Ruler of the Underworld 12 Isis Name seat or throne Mother Goddess Mother of the pharaoh Resurrection Represented with throne above her head and hawk or hawk like features In myth Seth intended to kill the pregnant Isis so that Osiris would have no heir and his land would fall thus to his remaining living brother To escape Seth Isis hurries away to bear her child in secret Isis knew it was her child s destiny to combat Seth s destructive forces but while Horus was yet small and vulnerable she needed to suckle him comfort him hide him and train him in her magic To give Horus the power to beat Seth Isis forced Atum Ra to tell her his secret name the source of his power She fashions a venomous snake from mixture of earth and Atum Ra s saliva In exchange for Isis s healing Atum Ra has to give her his secret name and therefore access to his power Atum Ra does so but with the condition that Isis and Horus cannot reveal the name to anyone else 13 Khnum 14 Duat Represented as ram or with attributes of ram Creates humans and animals on potter s wheel using mud from Nile After fashioning a person Heket his consort breathes life into each clay figure through its nose Place through which Atum Ra passes during the night like Shamash but another tradition has Atum Ra pass through the body of Nut Conception of Underworld based on The Book of Gates New Kingdom 1567 1087 BCE o Realm of the dead located under the earth through which runs a river o River conveys deceased and Ra through the Underworld o Inhabited by chthonic gods Osiris Anubis Isis o Contains 12 lands or countries Entrance to each country is made through a gate guarded by monstrous snakes Judgment Weighing of the Heart o Salvation of the Righteous o Punishment for the Unrighteous Spirits existence for mortals continued in the afterlife as an akh Underworld o Ruled by Osiris NOTE also the incarnation of dead Pharaoh o Pleasant and unpleasant countries o place for good and bad o Inhabited by frightful monsters major and minor gods spirits 15 Ka Depicted as statue with arms raised up The essence of the person their double INDIA 16 Rig Veda There was neither non existence nor existence then There was neither the realm of space nor the sky which is beyond There was neither death nor immortality then There was no distinguishing sign of night nor of day That ONE breathed windless by its own impulse Other than that there was nothing beyond Darkness was hidden by darkness in the beginning with no distinguishing sign all this
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