CLT3378 Exam 1 Study GuideHero - can have a relationship with a god or not, figures whom the gods take a special interest; not always goodTrickster - amoral, shape shifting, deceiving, can be gods, and are instigators; sometimes culture heroesPolytheism - many gods worshippedBinaturalism - conception of gods with 2 natures; physical space+god; abstract concept+god; thing+godSyncretism - adaptation of one cultures myths by another's cultureMesopotamia - a long fertile crescent in the Middle EastSumerians - 3500 BCE, one of the first developed citiesAkkadians - spoke Hebrew-like languages; not as advanced as SumeriansAssyrians - dominant power in northBabylonians - Semitic people; language similar to hebrew. amorites?Enuma Elish - Babylonian creation epic, Marduk's rise to kingshipApsu - binatural fresh water god, lover of Tiamat. First in Babylonian creationTiamat - binatural sea god. lover of ApsuLahmu and Lahamu - children of Apsu and Tiamat, not binatural, power over waterAnshar and Kishar - children of Lahamu and Lahmu, associated with the skyAnu - child of anshar and Kishar. binatural- the sky, top most part (heaven); sky god, servant of Alalu, but overthrows him and has his genitals bitten off when overthrown by KumarbiEa - trickster/fresh water/wisdom god, culture hero who created seven sages; advisor/midwife to Kumarbi. deceives him by giving Kumarbi a stone instead of TessubMarduk - Son of Ea, king of the gods- storm godQingu - becomes Tiamat's lover after Apsu's death. receives the tablet of destiniesTablet of Destinies - gives the power to rule over the godsThe Baal Cycle - group of Canaanite/ugaritic poems about Baal and Baal defeats YamUgarit - city of BaalIllimilku - wrote it all down (Baal)Baal - patron god of Ugarit, storm god who rules over all gods. son of ElEl - father/creator god. wisdom. not worshippedAsherah - wife of El, mother of all godsAnat - sister/ lover (?) of Baal. Fiercely loyal to Baal. influences are: childbirth, nursing, hunting,and warKothar-wa-hasis - craftsman god, builds palace and weapons for Baal. the clever one.Yam - Sea god. enemy of Baal. (Desire, dragon, fire)Mot - death, god of the underworld, son of el, is always hungryHittites - Indo european peopleHurrians - people in northern syria. empire named mitanniIlluyanka - "serpents" myths about storm god vs. serpent, hattian or Hittite for serpentPurulli festival - in spring, Illuyanka myth recited hereInara - daughter of storm god, prepares feast, huntress? gets Illuyanka drunk and gets him killed by storm godHupasiya – Inara asks this mortal man for help to defeat Illuyanka, but want to sleep with InaraKumarbi - Hurrian god associated with the underworld (Alalu's son)Alalu - underworld god. king of the gods, father of kumarbi. In the song of Kumarbi - overthrown by servant AnuTessub - born from Kumarbi's good place. Anu's son. oberthrows Kumarbi and becomes king of godsSong of Kumarbi - succesion myth, the rise and fall of Kumarbi. alalu-anu-kumarbi-tessubSong of Ullikummi - Kumarbi plans to have his son overthrow Tessub. plan failsUllikummi - stone child. son of a rock and Kumarbi. placed on the shoulder of Ubelum to hide from Tessub until older. Sun rats him out, he fights Tessub, he losesUbelurri - sky supporter at the bottom of the ocean. Ullikummi was hiding on his shoulder without him knowing. worst pain he ever felt when the bronze tool cut Ullikummi off'elohim - name of isrealite god. literally "god". a title, not a name. CanaaniteYahweh - (name) "lord" isrealite god. YHWH. storm god like'adonay - "lord" another word for YHWHMonolatry - acknowledge that they're many other gods, but worship only one. Isrealites were first thisMonotheism - worship and belief in one singular godLeviathon - the Sea, is defeated by Yahweh. (river, serpent, dragon)Rahab - another name for Leviathon. the sea godBereshith - "in the beginning" the hebrew title to genesisGenesis - "origin" (greek) 950-550 BCE, in proseJEDP theory - reason there are so many discrepencies are because the author was compiling several stories. JEDP are initials from several authorsShemesh - hebrew word for sun, not used in Genesis, sounds too much like god nameYareah - hebrew word for moon, not used in genesis, word sounds too similar to a god nameTehom - deep, abyss. primordial watersCosmocentric - most important is the earth and universe, not humansAnthropocentric - most important in creation are humansTree of Knowledge - if you eat from it you become like a god. serpent tricks woman to do so.Tree of Life - planted with tree of knowledge, gives immmortality. god exiled adam and eve to prevent them from eating this too'itsavon - "pain" "toil" god punishes man and woman with the pain of childbirth and workHesiod - one of the 1st greek poets from ascra, family from kyme. late 700BCE. wrote "Work and days" and "theogony"Theogony - creation of gods. greek creation epic poem. cosmoganyMuses - goddesses associated with poetry. hold musical instruments, live on mt.helicon, first insult hesoid then tell him all the mythsChaos - chasm, in the beginning there was nothing. "chaos" is a binatural god and the firstGaia/Ge - binatural goddess of earth (2nd)Tartaros - binatural god. specific region in underworld- the prisonEros - binatural god of sexual desire for procreationOuranos - heaven, Gaia produces him asexually. gaia's lover. the skySickle - gaia makes a sickle made out of adamant to plot against ouranos shoving her kids back inside herAdamant - a very strong metal that gaia madeKronos - child of gaia, crooked schemer, the only child to step up against ouranos, castrates his father with the sickleAphrodite - goddess of sexual desire (controls) born form the sea foam?Aphros - sea foam in greekTitans - the children of gaia and ouranosZeus - storm god born from kronos and rhea. overthrows kronos. king of godsRhea - sister and wife to kronos. mother of olympians. plots to save her children from kronosCyclops - another set of children from gaia and ouranos. put in tartaros. zeus frees them and they make his thunderboltsTitanomachy - titans vs olympians. zeus realeases the 100-handers to fight with themTyphoeus/Typhon - gaia bears him- a giant fire breathing dragon who is a threat to zeusMetis - "wisdom" binatural. zeus' first lover. swallowed by zeus to prevent son overthrowing himAthena - born from zeus' head and is associated with wisdomApollodorus - wrote zeus vs. typhon. the "library" mythological handbookDelphyne - dragoness who
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