FSU CLT 3378 - Creation in Hesiod’s Theogony

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CLT 3378 Ancient Mythology East and West Lecture Outline Creation in Hesiod s Theogony I Hesiod s Theogony a Hesiod Greek poet c 700 BCE b theogony birth of gods II Theogony Invocation to Muses a lines 1 115 Hesiod calls on hymns Muses b Muses 1 goddesses of arts 9 2 daughters of Zeus and Mnemosyne Memory 3 accompany Apollo god of music healing disease prophecy c epic poets e g Homer Hesiod 1 begin works with invocation to Muses 2 Muses inspire poets also musicians dancers etc d Muses on poetry truth and fiction e Muses sing of creation cf Hesiod III Theogony The Creation Myth a creation myth begins at line 116 b four primal first gods 1 Chaos a chaos chasm empty space b cf primordial waters sea chaos c binatural god 2 Gaia a earth b binatural goddess 3 Tartaros a underworld pit prison b binatural god 4 Erosa sexual desire b binatural god c for theogony d later tradition 1 Eros Roman Cupid son of Aphrodite Roman Venus 2 Aphrodite Venus goddess in charge of sexual desire sphere of influence c creation of the universe 1 four primal god 2 Chaos Erebos and Night a parthenogenesis virgin birth b Erebos later Hades 3 Erebos Night Air and Day 4 Gaia Ouranos Mountains Sea a parthenogenesis b Ouranos Sky 5 Gaia Ouranos 3 sets of children a Titans Okeanos Kronos Rhea et al b Cyclopes 3 thunderbolts c Hundred handers 3 6 still to be born in Theogony a many more gods some binatural e g Sun Moon b abstract concepts Sleep Death Victory c monsters Cerberos Chimaera et al IV Theogony The Succession Myth a Hesiod s Theogony 1 hymn to Zeus king of Greek gods 2 power of Zeus 3 how Zeus becomes king 4 cf Enuma Elish Marduk 5 cf Kumarbi Cycle Tessub 6 cf Baal Cycle Baal 7 Zeus Marduk Tessub Baal all storm gods b four generations of gods in Theogony 1st generation four primal gods and offspring incl Ouranos 2nd generation children of 1 incl Titans Kronos Rhea et al 3rd generation children of 2 incl Olympians Zeus Hera et al 4th generation children of 3 incl Olympians Athena Apollo Heracles et al c succession myth 1 king of gods 2 father overthrown by son 3 Ouranos to Kronos to Zeus 4 Zeus ends cycle d succession myth 1 Ouranos and Kronos 1 Ouranos sky king of gods 2 Gaia Ouranos Titans 3 stuffing Titans in earth 4 Gaia s revenge a Kronos lies in wait b sickle of adamant 5 castration of Ouranos 6 separation of earth and sky 7 Kronos throws genitals 8 drops of blood a fall on earth Gaia b born are 1 Erinyes a Furies b spirits of blood vengeance 2 Giants 3 Meliae a Ash tree Nymphs b nymphs females spirits goddesses of nature c ash trees used for spears 9 birth of Aphrodite a sea foam b Aphrodite from foam aphros c other sources Zeus Dione Aphrodite e succession myth 2 Kronos and Zeus 1 Kronos king of gods 2 Kronos Rhea Olympians 3 prophecy a from Gaia Ouranos b Kronos overthrown by son 4 Kronos swallows children 5 Gaia to Rhea Hide Zeus on Crete 6 Rhea gives Kronos stone 7 Zeus grows up 8 Kronos regurgitates stone children a now Zeus is first born not last b stone placed at Delphi 1 becomes sacred stone omphalos navel 2 Delphi center of world 3 Delphi sacred to Apollo 9 Zeus throws Kronos into Tartaros 10 Zeus frees Cyclopes 11 Zeus king of gods V Kumarbi Cycle and Succession Myths in Theogony a castration of sky Anu Ouranos b stone biting swallowing c storm god as stone d storm god triumphant king e shared mythic tradition in Anatolia Hesiod s father from Cyme f Kumarbi Cycle has one earlier generation of gods Alalu as king VI Threats to Zeus Rule in Theogony a Titanomachy 617 721 1 battle with Titans 2 Olympians Zeus vs Titans 3 10 year battle 4 Olympians Mt Olympus Titans Mt Othrys 5 Gaia to Zeus Hundred handers 6 thunderbolts winds Hundred handers defeat for Titans 7 Zeus throws Titans into Tartaros b Metis 881 900 1 early mate of Zeus 2 metis cleverness 3 Metis pregnant 4 prophecy son overthrow father 5 Zeus swallows Metis 6 Athena daughter Zeus head 7 Athena craftiness military strategy c Typhoios Typhoeus Typhon 820 880 1 Gaia Tartaros Typhoios 2 100 headed fire breathing dragon 3 sounds hissing bull lion puppies 4 Zeus lightning vs Typhoios fire 5 Typhoios into Tartaros 6 storm god vs dragon like monster combat myth 7 cf Tiamat Yam Leviathan Rahab 8 order vs chaos 9 in Greece serpents assoc with earth 10 thus Typhoios son of Gaia 11 contrast with ANE serpents assoc with primordial waters sea 12 cf Tessub vs Ullikummi VII Apollodorus version of Zeus vs Typhon a Library 1 mythological handbook Greek 2 probably written 1st or 2nd cent CE 3 falsely ascribed to Apollodorus 2nd cent BCE 4 Pseudo Apollodorus b Zeus vs Typhon 1 6 3 1 Ge Gaia Tartaros Typhon 2 Typhon 100 headed fire breathing dragon c Typhon flees from is wounded by Zeus thunderbolt sickle d attacks Zeus 1 strips Zeus of sinews in hands feet sickle 2 deposits Zeus in cave e Delphyne dragoness guards sinews cave f Hermes gets sinews back g Zeus attacks Typhon 1 thunderbolts 2 Mt Aitna Sicily h cf Illuyanka myth version 2


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FSU CLT 3378 - Creation in Hesiod’s Theogony

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