CLT 3378 Final Exam Study Guide Gilgamesh Sumerian Babylonian Unug Sumerian word for the capital city Same as Akkadian city Uruk Akkadian A Semitic language from the Akkadian people The Epic of Gilgamesh was first discovered in written Akkadian sources instead of their original Sumerian Uruk Akkadian word for the city of Urug Where Epic of Bilgames Sumerian name for Gilgamesh Was an actual Gilgamesh is centered at historical king of Unug Ninsun Goddess in the Epic of Gilgamesh Mother of Gilgamesh depicted as a human queen Lugalbanda King of Unug in Epic of Gilgamesh Father of Gilgamesh Becomes deified god like at death Epic of Gilgamesh The best seller all over Mesopotamia and beyond Story revolves around the King Gilgamesh and his quests with his best friend Enkidu Many other myths seem to derive their stories from this Epic contained in 12 tablets The Standard Version written in Akkadian cuneiform dates from 1200 BCE Belit ili Creator goddess also known as Aruru Mami Nintu in other Mesopotamian myths Forms Gilgamesh s body with god like stature and beauty Enkidu Created by Aruru because of Anu s command to keep Gilgamesh in check He s formed as the equal of Gilgamesh from a lump of clay He s hairy uncivilized and lives in the wilderness second self Enkidu is our hero s Gilgamesh second self He s the alter ego of Gilgamesh contains all the qualities that the King does not Shamhat A prostitute in the Epic of Gilgamesh sent by a hunter fed with Enkidu dismantling his traps Waits for Enkidu by the watering place and sleeps with him for 6 days and 7 nights After Enkidu is wise and civilized but rejected by the animals and wilderness Ishtar goddess of sexual desire and war Wants to sleep with Gilgamesh but she s rejected she vows that Gilgamesh will be unlucky in the coming future Humbaba Giant and designated by Ellil as the protector of the Pine Forest Sacred First quest Gilgamesh and Enkidu go on together is to kill the giant Ellil Storm god Babylonian culture King of the gods Gets fed up with human kind many times throughout the Epic Shamash Sun god in Babylonian culture Known in Sumerian as Utu helps Gilgamesh defeated Humbaba Divine council myth A myth where two or more gods get together to decide the fate of human s Epic of Gilgamesh includes various like in the Flood fight against Humbaba the delivery of the Bull of Heaven and Death of Enkidu Bull of Heaven After Ishtar s rejection she complains to her father Anu who decides to send the Bull of Heaven after Ishtar s threats The Bull of Heaven is sent to the city of Uruk and confronted by the hero and his ally Gilgamesh kills the bull with plunging a sword on the back of the its neck depicted below Gilga on Right Enkidu left Utnapishtim Name means he who found life Only man known to have immortality which is why Gilgamesh goes out on a quest to find him as he lives at the edge of the earth by the Mouth of Rivers Scorpion man Guardian of the entrance to the underworld and the mountain Mashu Gilgamesh convinces him and maybe his wife to let him pass Mashu the twin peaks mountain at the edges of earth Where Shamash the sun rises from Ur Sumerian city where in a cemetery many findings were discovered One was the Great Lyre Great Lyre Discovered in a tomb in city of Ur Contains many panels that relate to the Epic of Gilgamesh bottom panel includes a depiction of the Scorpion man Siduri A goddess and an alewife beer seller that runs a tavern Advises Gilgamesh that he will find Utnapishtim by crossing the sea which only Shamash sun has crossed Urshanabi a ferryman that crosses the sea helps Gilgamesh Tells him to find Urshanabi get to where Utnapishtim lives Apsu Underwater reservoir of fresh water The rejuvenation plant that Utnapishtim tells Gilgamesh of is found here Ring composition A story that begins and ends with the same theme or story Gilgamesh begins his by building Uruk s walls and ends by acknowledging the culture immortality he can find in the walls Background Reading 7 Gilgamesh Sumerian The original language in which the Epic of Gilgamesh was created Separate Sumerian poems are found of the Epic but none that are together Old Babylonian A period in which Sumerian poets were active dated from 2000 to 1600 BCE Standard Version The Akkadian cuneiform version of the epic that consists of 12 tablets Copied from the Old Babylonian version Arabian Buluqiya Tale of Buluqiya One the 300 stories in The Thousand and One Nights Heavily based on the Epic of Gilgamesh Talks about King Buluqiya s quest to find Sulaiman s ring to rule all things The Thousand and One Nights Arabic collection of multiple stories Every night the Queen Shahrazad tells a story to the Sultan to distract him from killing her Iraq and Iran Sassanian Empire this empire Arabian Nights The English name of The Thousand and One Nights Narrated stories of the Queen and the Sultan Arabic The Thousand and One Nights is an Arabic story Arabia is considered as the Middle East including Turkey Islam The Islam religion was based on the prophet Mohammed Islam and the death of the prophet ended the Sassanid Sassanian Huge Empire in Iran lasted from 224 651 CE The Thousand and One Nights is set in the times of Frame narrative A story within a story The Tale of Buluqiya is a frame narrative as it is embedded in TaON Shahriar The Sultan in TaON He s very corrupt his Sultaness committed adultery and he kills her Continues to marry virgins and killing them after he s had sex with them Sultan The king or leader of an Arab empire Vizier The right hand man of the Sultan In TaON the vizier is the father of Scheherazade Scheherazade The daughter of the vizier Volunteers to marry the Sultan and stop the murders by keeping the Sultan occupied with her stories which become the TaON Shahrazad Another name for Scheherazade Sulaiman A prophet who was given a powerful ring to rule all living things Ring was taken from Adam by the angel Gabriel and given to Sulaiman Isle of First Sea An isle filled with wondrous gemstones At night gemstones turn to sea monsters with the lighted stones Isle of Seven Seas Isle of Seventh Sea The island where the tomb of Sulaiman resides It takes Buluqiya and Affan two months to get here Yamlika Queen of the underground Knows all the languages of the plants Gives magical plant to walk on water to Buluqiya and apparently is narrating the story as well Affan a wise man from Buluqiya s kingdom Becomes Buluqiya s guide throughout the journey to find the ring but
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