List of Terms hero attention figures in whom the gods take a special interest in positive or negative trickster amoral always have a different moral code than the culture that is telling the myth shape shifting deceivers instigators sometimes culture heroes neither good nor bad Ea is a trickster god in mesopotamian Enuma Elish polytheism belief in many gods seen in basically every myth we ve read Babylonians Hittites Greeks Romans anthropomorphism conception of gods in the shape of human beings nearly all greek example Aphrodite in Greek creation myth Theogony formed out of foam binaturalism conception of gods with two natures example The Babylonian God Apsu in Enuma Elish both fresh water and god syncretism adaption of one cultures mythic beliefs by another culture Sumerians and Greeks sphere of influence Areas in which gods are associated with wave power Zeus god of rain lightning kingship and hospitality in Greek Hesiod Theogony ENUMA ELISH Mesopotamia The land between the rivers Tigris and Euphrates the Enuma Elish is a Babylonian myth part of mesopotamia Sumerians 1st culture or civilization in mesopotamia Enki Sumerian name god Ea Elish Enuma Elish Akkadians one culture or civilization in mesopotamia the other is Sumerian Ea Akkadian name god in Enuma Elish Enki Assyrians 1st category of the Akkadian civilization sub culture seen in Enuma Babylonians 2nd category of the Akkadian civilization sub culture seen in Enuma Elish Babylonian creation myth meaning when on high tale of Marduk s rise to power by overthrowing Tiamat Marduk victorious storm god in the Babylonian Enuma Elish overthrows his source of original creation Tiamat goddess of salt water parents Damkina and Ea cuneiform oldest form of writing in Hittite many cuneiform tablets have been discovered that were mythologically and religiously related Apsu binatural god in Babylonian Enuma Elish both fresh water AND god married to Tiamat they began creation of all the other gods in this myth father and mother god killed by Ea Tiamat binatural goddess in Babylonian Enuma Elish both salt water AND god married to Apsu they began creation of all the other gods in this myth father and mother god killed by Marduk aka Mother Huber Lahmu M and Lahamu F brother and sister Tiamat and Apsu s kids or first creation in Enuma Elish Enuma Elish Anshar M and Kishar F brother and sister also Tiamat and Apsu s kids in Anu binatural god upper most sky son of Anshar and Kishar Anshar made Anu like himself to hate their forefathers Tiamat and Apsu father of Ea Ea Enki Nuddimud son of Anu trickster god spheres of influence cleverness wisdom and fresh water kills his forefather Apsu married to Damkina their son is Marduk Mummu messenger who encourages Apsu to kill all the other gods Ea takes Mummu captive when Ea killed Apsu Damkina married to Ea mother of Marduk Qingu Kingu leader of Tiamat s 11 gods becomes Tiamat s new lover after Apsu died at first Ea intimidated by him Marduk Ea we don t know exactly who uses Qingu s blood to create humans at the end of the myth Kakka Gaga Anshar and Anu s father and son right hand man vizzier their helper one of the characters who repeated Tiamat s repetitive monster passage Tablet of Destinies legitimizes rule among the gods Tiamat had them originally gave them to Qingu at end of myth Marduk takes Qingu captive steals the tablets back and then gives them to Anu as a type of gift BAAL CYLE Baal Cycle collection of Ugarittic poems about Baal tablets found at Ugarit alphabetic script found in library of chief priest of Baal temple Attanu Purlianni scribe Ilimilku composition of Attanu Purlianni and Ilimilku or just of Ilimilku 3 Poems 1 Baal vs Yam 2 Palace of Baal 3 Baal vs Mot death location where the Baal Cyle poems were discovered inside library of Ugarit chief priest Canaan Canaanite El creator god father of the gods in baal cycle wise and eternal old lived at the base of a mountain Baal was with El at beginning of myth and released him to Yam Baal lord storm god rider on the clouds wind god parallels Marduk in Enuma Elish fertility god rain farmers pray to him for rain fishers pray to him to stop storms so they can fish son of Dagon god of grain lives on mountain called Zaphon role in myth defeats the sea monster Yam with his two clubs Hadad additional name for Baal means thunderer Dagon father of Baal god of grain Zaphon mountain which Baal lives on Asherah Baal a palace wife of El mother of gods went with Anat to encourage El to make Anat sister of Baal nubile virgin goddess similar to apollo and artemis goddess of war and hunting bloodthirsty don t want to mess with her Kothar wa Hasis craftsman god compare to Hephaestus greek craftsman god made 2 clubs for Baal driver and chaser Shapash sun goddess sees all linked to life and death life everything needs sun to live death without her drought famine etc encouraged Baal to make a clone of himself to avoid death Mot Attanu Purlianni chief priest of Baal temple Baal Cycle was found in his library controversy of if he wrote the myths or if a scribe did OR if they did it together Ilimilku scribe who supposedly wrote the Baal Cycle controversy if he wrote the myths or if he did it with the chief priest Niqmaddu II king of Ugarit c 1375 1345 BCE Baal cycle was written during his reign but probably preserved earlier long before this date Yam sea god who wants to battle Baal aka Nanar river dragon serpent like compared to Tiamat killed by Baal by Baal s clubs Mot death lives in underworld swamp muck awful place Mot kills Baal s substitute Baal and Mot battle on Mount Zaphon and they tied Shapash warned Mot to stop because El will be mad so Mot surrenders real Baal then emerged from where he was hiding in the underworld once Baal came back there was an end to the drought since Baal was rain KUMARBI CYCLE Hittites Indo European people entered Anatolia from northeast c 2300 BCE Hittite Empire 1700 1200 BCE capital city Hattusas Hittite capital Hattusas cuneiform tablets many mythological religious Hattians indigenous pre Hittite people Illuyanka myths were adopted from the Hurrians people in northern syria empire named mitanni hurrian storm god Hattians Tessub Hattusas hittite capital spot of many cuneiform tablets many mythological religious Hattian Hittite Storm God very similar gods hittite storm god s name is unknown but was adopted from the Hattian storm god ILLUYANKA MYTHS Illuyanka serpent in VERSION 1 beats the storm god storm god becomes angry and
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