Ancient Mythology Midterm 1 Prometheus During the Dispute at Mecone o Mortal and gods were fighting about how the parts of sacrificial animals should be apportioned Prometheus divides ox in two and presented each to Zeus Flesh and the rich fatty innards were wrapped in the ox s stomach Bones were wrapped in white fat Steals fire from Mt Olympus and is punished by Zeus Archetypal trickster and culture hero god Aeschylus Prometheus Bound o The originator of all inventions and progress in the arts and the sciences o taught men all the civilizing arts o writing medicine mathematics astronomy metallurgy architecture and agriculture 2 Dispute at Mecone Quarrel between mortals and the gods o how the parts of the sacrificial animals should be apportioned o Prometheus divides ox in two and presented each to Zeus Flesh and the rich fatty innards wrapped in the ox s stomach Bones wrapped in white fat 3 Theft of Fire Hercules relieved him from this punishment by killing the eagle Prometheus steals the fire from Mt Olympus Zeus punishes him and man 4 Pandora The first woman After humans received the stolen gift of fire from Prometheus Zeus commands Hephaestus to mold from earth the first woman o Zeus ordered her creation to punish man 5 Hermes An Olympian god the son of Zeus Guides souls of deceased to the Underworld o Leads them to the River Styx and Charon 6 Hephaestus Vulcan An Olympian god Archetypal union with Ares o Hephaestus the ugly lame intellectual o Ares the sensuous beauty Expelled from Mt Olympus by Hera In the Sixth labor or Hercules Hephaestus forged the noisemaking clappers or krotala 7 Deucalion and Pyrrha Deucalion the son of Prometheus Destruction of Man Pyrrah daughter of Epimetheus and Pandora the first woman o When Zeus planned to destroy the men of the Bronze Age Prometheus instructed Deucalion to construct a chest and store it with provisions Deucalion and Pyrrah embarked on it Zeus poured heavy rain from heaven and flooded the greater part of Greece so that all men were destroyed The only other people saved were the ones who fled to the mountains 8 Demeter Ceres Offspring of Cronus and Rhea Goddess of fertility agriculture Mother of Persephone Proserpina Queen of the Underworld Demeter neglects crops when Persephone is snatched by Hades o Humans suffer famine o Zeus intervenes and says that Hades must let Persephone go o Hades makes Persephone eat pomegranate seeds which mean she has to be in the Underworld for part of the year o Demeter is upset during the times that Persephone is in the Underworld and neglects crops that is why there are seasons During her quest t find her daughter a mother in need asks her to nurture her child Demophoon She tries to make the child immortal but the mother intervenes and she is unable to do so 9 Hades Pluto Part of trinity with Zeus and Poseidon o Zeus sky o Poseidon sea o Hades underworld King of Underworld Son of Cronus and Rhea Hades snatches Persephone o Demeter Persephone s mother goes out to look for Persephone and she neglects the crops o Zeus intervenes and states that Hades must let Persephone go o Hades makes Persephone eat pomegranate seeds forcing her to spend part of the year with him in the Underworld 10 Persephone Proserpine Hades snatches Persephone o Her mother Demeter goes out to look for her and neglects the crops o Zeus intervenes and says that Hades must let Persephone go o Hades makes Persephone eat pomegranate seeds forcing her to spend part of the year in the Underworld o Persephone becomes the Queen of Underworld because 11 Demophoon When Demeter was searching for Persephone Demophoon s mother asked Demeter to nurse him because she was too old to His mother asked Demeter to nurse him until he reached the full youth Demeter agreed to nurse him She also tried to bestow immortality onto Demophoon by getting rid of all of his mortal aspects However his mother saw what was happening and thought that Demeter was trying to kill Demophoon and snatched him back Demeter was not able to make Demophoon immortal 12 Hera Juno Offspring of Cronus and Rhea Mother Goddess Queen of Heaven Goddess of Marriage Moon Goddess Zeus s wife o Zeus has an affair with the mortal Alcmene produces Heracles Hercules o Hera is very jealous of this and when Hercules is a baby she sends two snakes into his crib to kill him However Hercules strangles the snakes 13 Heracles Hercules Birth semi divine lineage demigod son of Zeus and Alcmene Hera sent two snakes to kill Hercules in his crib Hercules strangles them Hera drove him mad and he killed his own children o As a punishment he is given 12 labors o 6th labor of Hercules Call to Adventure oracle of Apollo Amulet Weapon krotala or noisemaking clappers forged by Hephaistos Crossing the Threshold Lake Stymphalis in Arkadia deep in the woods Tests drive away man eating birds Helpers Athena gives H krotola Climax The Final Battle shooting down birds with arrows Flight none Return New Powers Home Hercules returns to familiar world which is now rid of these frightful man eating birds one step closer to completing his punishment 14 Etiological Myth A myth intended to explain the world 15 Joseph Campbell s Monomyth 11 Stages of a hero s journey 1 Birth 5 Tests 6 Helpers 3 Amulet Weapon 2 Call to Adventure 4 Crossing the Threshold the hero must undergo some ordeal in order to pass hero is called to adventure by some external event or hero will often receive aid from a protective figure helper see hero is often accompanied by a helper who assists him see n 3 and hero travels through dream like world of adventure and undergoes a Fabulous circumstances surrounding conception birth and childhood establish the hero s noble divine lineage messenger n 6 who gives hero a protective amulet weapon for the journey from the everyday world into the world of adventure series of tests serves as loyal companion warrior etc which sets in motion the resolution of the adventure take the form of a hasty flight 9 Return world acquired during the adventure is now put to use in the everyday world Often it has a restorative or healing function but it also serves to define the hero s role in the society powers to the benefit of mankind The hero comes back from this mysterious adventure with these new hero again crosses the threshold of adventure and returns to familiar After accomplishing mission the hero s return to the everyday world may The object knowledge or blessing glory that the hero hero often engages in a final
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