FSU CLT 3378 - ANCIENT MYTHOLOGY FINAL STUDY GUIDE

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ANCIENT MYTHOLOGY FINAL STUDY GUIDE BUDDHACARITA Buddhacarita means The Acts of Buddha name of the story written in Sanskrit format epic poem Siddhartha Gautama real historical figure son of tribal king llived 6th 4th century BCE Lumbini where Siddhartha was born now modern day Nepal dharma tenants of Buddhism means cosmic law and order containst the four noble truths and the noble eightfold path Asvagahosa author of Buddhacarita 2nd century BCE Suddhodana Siddhartha s father king of Lumbini father to Maya Maya Siddhartha s mother queen of Lumbini gets pregnant with the most excellent of bodhisattvas and Siddhartha is born out of her side with a painless birth dies soon after he is born though bodhisattva means the one becoming enlightened what Siddhartha was called when in Mayas womb reincarnation Asita personal priest to the king who tells him that basically Siddhartha will become enlightened and he is a light to the world Yasodhara kings new wife gives birth to Rahula fetter Rahula son of Yasodhara and Suddhodana renunciant he is beginning his path to enlightenment in the woods and begins livingas an ascetic asceticism the theory that one can reach a high spiritual state through extreme self denial or self mortification Asvattha Tree he sits under here after he realizes that enlightenment cant come from deprivation sacred fig tree Bodhi Tree the sacred fig tree also called the Asvattha tree Kala Mara serpent god of temptation goes to tempt Siddhartha with her children an arrow gladdner and an army of demons but voice from heaven tells her to stop that he can never be moved Sons of Mara confusion gaeity pride Daughters of Mara lust delight thirst nirvana means awakening what happens when Siddhartha reaches enlightenment buddha becomes awakened one after being enlightened Important concepts special birth status of hero binary pair pleasure suffering fear of old age illness and death search for enlightenment immortality enlightenment through suffering intervention of the gods road of trials temptation by a serpent tree of knowledge MESOPOTAMIAN AFTERLIFE THE DESCENT OF ISHTAR Ishtar sphere love war daughter of sin sister of Ereshkigal Sin god of moon father of Ishtar and Ereshkigal Namtar Vizier of Ereshkigal Ea god of wisdom Good looks man created by Ea seducer Dumuzi lover of Ishtar dead Kunurgi means underworld Erkalla means underworld Akkadian one of the versions Ishtar 2400 2000 lines BCE 140 lines Sumerian one of the versions Inanna 4200 2000 BCE 410 lines Ereshkigal Queen of the great below goddess of the underworld daughter of sin and sister of Ishtar Ishtar at the Gate gates of Kunurgi Ishtar threatens gatekeeper to make him open them he gets permission to open them from Ereshkigal seven gates of the underworld everytime Ishtar goes through one she has to take off a piece of clothing stripped of her symbols of power death of Ishtar Ereshkigal tells Namtar to send out diseases against her with Ishtar in the underworld no sex or pregnancies Ea s solution was good looks the playboy to go to Ereshkigal Return of Ishtar good looks is cursed by Ereshkigal Ereshkigal tells Namtar to bring Ishtar back to life and she returns back through the seven gates and gets her items back Dumuzi must periodically spend time in the underworld MESOPOTAMIAN AFTERLIFE NERGAL AND ERESHKIGAL Version 1 Sultantepe Uruk Mesopotamia 600 BCE 350 lines Version 2 Tell el Amarna Egypt 1400 1200 bCE 90 lines Nergal Erra god of the underworld son of Ea and Ishtar Ereshkigal goddess of the underworld daughter of sin Namtar vizier of Ereshkigal Ningishzida lod of the good trees god the the trees woodworking Anu ruler god King of the gods son of Anshar and Kishar sky god Kakka vizier of Anu Ea ruler god god of wisdom son of Anu Ellil ruler god storm god son of Anu Babylonian Ereshkigal Confined naquet among gods cant go up or down so Anu sends Kakka to tell Ereshkigal to send Namtar Babylonian Nergal prepares for descent Ea gives Nergal his blessing to go to the underworld tells Nergal to cut down special trees and make a chair Ea also tells him not to sit eat drink or have sex with Ereshkigal Babylonian Nergal in the underworld he sleeps with Ereshkigal for 6 nights on 7th he asks to leave which makes her angry but he escapes and goes back to heaven Babylonian Nergal escapes Ea sprinkles water on Nergal to conceal him Ereshkigal sends Namtar to get Nergal but cant find him Babylonian Nergal returns comes back to underworld sleeps with her for 6 nights and becomes king of the underworld Armarna Version Banquet gods organize banquet can t go up or down so Ereshkigal sends Namtar Pun Mutu husband Mu tu death Armana Nergal storms the gates Ea helps to conceal Nergal from Namtar Nergal storms the gates of the underworld there are station demons by Ea at 14 gates Nergal plans to kill Ereshkigal but she offers him kingship and he accepts Important Concepts katabasis myth water rebirth binary pair death fertility fear of the rising dead unhappy afterlife realm Characterization of Afterlife Gods of Kunurgi Ereshkigal and Nergal description inescapable dark gloomy 7 gates eat dust drink muddy water dangers of consuming food of the underworld EGYPTIAN AFTERLIFE Plutarch Author 46 127 CE biographer and essayist Moralia name of Plutarch s book topic matters relating to customs and morals of greek and roman life Osiris initially king of the gods king of the underworld fertility god culture hero a mythical figure considered by a people to have furnished it the means of existence or survival Seth god of disorder violence desert storms kills Osiris Isis goddess of motherhood fertility Nephtys goddess of death lamentation Horus god of the sky sun war ultimately king of the gods son of Osiris and Isis Anubis god of mummification guard dog for the gods son of Osiris and Nepthys raises by Isis aunt Ra egyptian word for sun most important god in Epytian religion travels by boat day across the sky night through the underworld river Maat goddess of truth and justice feather of maat Byblos place where the coffin of Osiris ends up mummy how Osiris was brought back to life and then became god of the underworld Book of the dead collection of magical spells that were kept in the tombs for the spirits of the afterlife Protestation of Guiltlessness criteria for a happy afterlife no evil towards man and pious behavior towards gods amduat that which happens in the underworld death and rebirth sun sets in the west western side of the Nile


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FSU CLT 3378 - ANCIENT MYTHOLOGY FINAL STUDY GUIDE

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