Ancient Mythology Exam 2 November 5 2012 Pandora Pandora first woman she was formed of clay by Hephaestus as ordered by Zeus as a punishment to mankind for Prometheus theft of fire and each god helped with her creation giving her gifts her name means all gifted Some of her gifts included weaving Athena craftiness charm and beauty Aphrodite sexual desire deceit Hermes trickster messenger In the Theogony her gifts were materialistic she received clothes from Athena and a golden crown from Hephaistos Works and Days a didactic poem by Hesiod around 700 BC it expands upon Pandora s creation myth it is a farmer s almanac tells you when to plant crops and gives agricultural advice and has folk wisdom explains why life is so hard Hesiod s Theogony also includes Pandora the Theogony is the myth about the birth of the gods and the creation of the universe Didactic gives moral advice it teaches you something Misogynistic hateful toward women Hephaistos Hephaestus blacksmith and creator like Athena god who forms Pandora out of clay and water In the Theogony Hephaistos gives Pandora a golden crown Epimetheus afterthought who is one of the brothers of Prometheus forethought and son of Iapetus he was warned by Prometheus but he still accepted a gift from Zeus Pyxis a clay lidded box used for holding makeup Pithos a large highly decorated clay storage jar they are compared with Pandora herself because both are made of clay life size about five feet tall the decorative work is equivalent to her gifts from the gods Hope abstract concept and god if the jar was not opened by Pandora then hope would bring evil and or absent from life Kalon kakon beautiful evil Hesiod terms women this Myth of the Races explains why life is so hard and Hesiod juxtaposes the explanations ages of man there is the golden silver bronze heroic and iron age and we as people get progressively worse idea from the near east and was transposed into Greek mythology Race of Heroes one of the ages of man that includes Heracles Perseus Achilles and Odysseus who are real people alluding to it being history not myth this is the only age where man does not digress Prometheus Titans there are 12 titans and they are the children of Gaia and Ouranos they become a younger race of gods that rule during the Golden Age Iapetos a titan and the parent with Clymene of Atlas Prometheus Epitheus and Menoetius he was the titan of mortal life Gaia earth and mother of the titans Ouranos heaven and father of the titans Atlas he was punished by Zeus along with his brothers his punishment was to become a sky supported that held up the celestial sphere Menoitios his punishment was being hit with a flash of lightning and banished to Tartarus the underworld Mecone Place of Prometheus sacrifice trick The men and gods divide up the ox to decide who gets what Prometheus wraps bones in fat apparently good and wraps the meat in the ox stomach apparently bad so Zues ends up getting the bones Sicyon another word for Mecone Prometheus sacrifice trick with the ox happens here Fennel stalk Prometheus used a stalk of fennel plant to steal fire from the gods to give it to men Ancient Mythology Exam 2 November 5 2012 Aeschylus an ancient Greek tragedian who wrote Prometheus Bound Prometheus Bound by Aeschylus portrays Prometheus as a culture hero who helps man by stealing fire from Zeus Culture hero mythological hero specific to a group who changes the world through invention or discovery for example Prometheus to the humans for bringing them fire Enki Ea trickster god who helped with the creation of humans in Enuma Elish and Atrahais Metis wisdom a Titan first great spouse of Zeus Typhoios Typhon a Titan the last son of Gaia the father of all monsters Metallurgy Prometheus gift of fire helped to develop civilization including the use of tools Prometheus Unbound by Aeschylus fragmented Prometheus is released from punishment and reconciles with Zeus Kratos power god Bia force god Okeanids arrive for a chorus of play Okeanos Zeus sympathizers Io arrives in the form of a cow because Io was transformed by Zeus to hide from Hera she is then persecuted by Zeus for being gadfly when with Argos and Hermes Background Reading 7 Prometheus Bound Athens Greek polis city state plays a major role in politics military and cultural zenith Agonistic competitive common in ancient Greek culture and exemplified in tragic competitions Tragedy a drama based on human suffering they were performed at yearly religious festivals in honor of Dionysus the Greek god of wine emotion and psychic release and drama an Athenian invention Satyr play a comic play involving satyrs unrestrained and lusty humanoid creatures with horse tails and ears they were always mythological and rarely historical Trilogy three stories all connected they typically would all be performed on the same day before an audience in the theater for example Prometheus Bound Sophocles an Athenian tragedian from c 496 406 he is credited with introducing the third actor and the three actors along with the chorus which became the norm thereafter Raven and Coyote Native American they tell oral stories that are collected by ethnographers they are primarily about Coyote and Raven trickster gods Raven son of Kit ka ositiyi qa and culture hero in myths by the Tlingit Klinkit people Shape shifter because he is a trickster so his body is malleable and disguises himself as animals to have a difference in portrayal He is the creator god that forms the world o He creates animals come to the river on the other side people were wearing animal skins and he asks them to help him cross the river but they do not help so Raven opens a box on sun and the people are transformed into animals Raven eats the animals o King Salmon great food source for Klingit Raven will eat them to show how good they are jade adz a rock shaping tool mocks salmon Raven finds one made of Jade which happens to have a face on it so he finds salmon and really wants to eat it After a while Raven came come ashore here he pretends the jade adz face is calling the salmon bad names so he kills the salmon with a wild celery stalk that is how we know Ancient Mythology Exam 2 November 5 2012 He is a distributor that the Tlinkit people can eat salmon because Raven does Totem poles are visual representations of myths o Bear okay to eat Raven when on a fishing trip with Cormorant sea bird and chose to use testicles for bait so they castrated a bear and Raven eats the bear Raven also
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