Gilgamesh Akkadian Unug Akkadian Uruk Sumerian Utu is an Akkadian Shamash Apsu Looked out for Gilgamesh Belit ili Also known as Mami Aruru or Nintu Belit ili forms Gilgamesh s body Associated with stature and beauty Also created Enkidu out of a lump of clay and wilderness Gilgamesh s equal or second self who was hairy and wild Bull of Heaven The bull of heaven is sent by Ishtar to kill Gilgamesh Enkidu grabs the bull by the tail and Gilgamesh kills the bull with a sword Ellil The lord of the wind who lived in the Pine Forest Ellil Anu and Shamash participated in the assembly of gods and decided Enkidu must die Enkidu Gilgamesh s hairy uncivilized second self made by Aruru out of clay Was tricked into sleeping with a prostitute and being rejected by animals wrestles with Gilgamesh and becomes friends They fight Humbaba the Bull of Heaven and is eventually chosen to die by Ellil Anu and Shamash Epic of Gilgamesh A Babylonian epic that is written on 12 tablets It is a flood myth involving Utnapishtim in part of tablet 11 Great Lyre Sumerian art where a scorpion man is found on the bottom panel It was found in a cemetery at Sumerian city in Ur in 2600 BCE in a tomb Gilgamesh A Sumerian king in 2800 2500 BCE 2 3 divine and 1 3 human he was the son of goddess Ninsun and king Lugalbanda Humbaba A monstrous giant who protects the Pine Forest Humbaba taunts Gilgamesh and is then killed by Gilgamesh and Enkidu even when Humbaba asks for mercy When Gilgamesh kills Humbaba he is cursed Ishtar Goddess of sexual desire and war who wants Gilgamesh When Gilgamesh rejects her because it is unlucky she complains to her father Anu and sends things to kill him Bull of Heaven Lugalbanda A king who is the father of Gilgamesh He is also the husband of goddess Ninsun Mashu Gilgamesh comes to these mountains at the edge of earth Mashu literally means twin peaks and it is known as being impossible to enter but Gilgamesh passes through the darkness and finds a landscape with gemstones Ninsun A goddess who is the mother of Gilgamesh Her husband the father of Gilgamesh was king Lugalbanda She got help from Shamash a sun god Ring composition Uruk s walls to Uruk s walls In the end of Tablet 11 Scorpion man He and his wife guard the gates of Mashu He tells his wife that the person who dates to come here must be a god and tells Gilgamesh that Utnapishtim lives on the other side of the mountain second self Enkidu is Gilgamesh s second self He is wild and uncivilized he lived with animals and fell into the hunters traps Shamash A sun god from Sumerian Utu or Akkadian Shamash Gilgamesh prays to him and Shamash gives him 4 wins to fight Humbaba He is one of the gods who decide Enkidu should die Shamash also goes to the underworld at night rises by Mashu and sets behind another mountain Shamhat The prostitute who awaits Enkidu at watering place they sleep together for 6 days and 7 nights and it is referred to as the hunter s trap Enkidu falls ill and curses Shamhat but Shamash makes him remove the curse Siduri An alewife of beer seller who runs a tavern Siduri says to Gilgamesh that he needs to cross the sea to get to Utnapishtim Unug Akkadian Uruk Ancient Sumerian city Ur A Sumerian city that has the cemetery where Great Lyre was found More specifically the tomb it was here where the underworld and funereal connection was made Urshanabi The ferryman who takes Gilgamesh across the sea Siduri tells Gilgamesh to find him in order to get to Utnapishtim Uruk Gilgamesh was the king of Uruk Enkidu goes here to find Gilgamesh and wrestle him and become friends Uruk mourns Enkidu s death with a statue and funeral Uruk s walls were built obtaining the cultural achievement of immortality Utnapishtim Gilgamesh wants to find him at the Mouth of Rivers edges of earth in an underworld type place to become immortal He tells Gilgamesh of the flood and a plant that will restore his youth Also gives Gilgamesh the sleep test that he fails so he is not able to be immortal Snake steals plant Background Reading 6 Gilgamesh Sumerian Poem of Gilgamesh based on Sumerian king of Unug Akkadian Uruk whose name would have been spelled Bilgames in the Sumerian language Old Babylonian Most Sumerian Bilgames poems were preserved by later Babylonian scribes in a person known as Old Babylonian period 2000 1600 The author of the Old Babylonian Epic of Gilgamesh made a break from the earlier Sumerian material by connecting stories of Gilgamesh together into a single epic Known as Surpassing all other kings It is uncertain whether Sin leqe unnini should be better classed as an editor of earlier material rather than as an author of original material Standard Version Standard version of epic at times were simply copies of the Old Babylonian cersion at other times it leaves out an episode that was in the earlier epic An author is attached to the standard version of the epic of Gilgamesh by the name of Sin leqe unnini who dates back to when the Kassites ruled Babylon Most standard versions of Gilgamesh come from the Assytian sites of the mid to late 7th century Buluqiya Affan A sage who agrees to be Buluqiya s guide They travel over the Seven Seas Affan says I ll go get the ring but dies because Buluqiya says the spell to protect him backwards He pays the price of trying to be a god Allah Moved the fruit tree the tree of knowledge to the Isle of the Seventh Sea Arabian Nights Also known as the Thousand and One Nights It is an Arabic collection of stories from 1200 1300 CE Arabic The collection of stories Arabian Nights was Arabic frame story narrative The time period of the Sassanian Empire This was before the Islamic period Bilgames Buluqiya is the corruption of the original name The original name was Bilgames Sumerian King Hasib In the middle of the story Queen Yamlike asks Hasib if they would like to see her underground realm Hasib says no he wants to hear the rest of the tale imbedded narrative A story within a story characters telling other characters The way Queen Yamlika talks to Hasib in the middle of the story is an example of an Imbedded narrative Islam The gold box had parchment written in Greek showing how old it was It is old because it is pre islamic The Sassanian Empire existed before the Islamic period Isle of First Sea Buluqiya and Affan travel here This island was covered in gemstones Isle of Seven Seas Isle of Seventh Sea Buluqiya and Affan finally travel here They see a fruit tree that is guarded by a giant that wont let them eat from
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