Homer – writer of IlliadIliad – Greek story of the Trojan war/other historic eventsTrojan War – Starts when Helen runs away with ParisParis – Prince of Troy, lover of HelenHelen – Queen of Sparta, ran away with ParisAgamemnon - Brother of Menelaus. King of Mycenae. Leader of Greek forcesAchilles - greatest warrior. Part godMenin - “rage”geras/gerata - prizes, spoilstimē - honorkleos - gloryChryses - priest of ApolloChryseis - must be returned to priest of ApolloBriseis – woman whom Achilles is with. Agamemnon takes her from Achilles. Myrmidons - Achilles’ fighting force. Greatest warriorsNestor - elderly advisorOdysseus - tactful (clever). Part of embassy sent to convince Achilles to fight.Phoinix - Achilles’ tutor. Part of embassy sent to convince Achilles to fight.Ajax - Great warrior. Part of embassy sent to convince Achilles to fight.Thetis – Tells Achilles : if you kill Hector, you will diePatroclus - Achilles’ best friend. Hero’s “second self”Sarpedon - son of Zeus, Lycian princeScamander – River that attacks achillesDeiphobus - son of Priam , prince of TroyHector – Prince of Troy, great warrior, killed by Achilles.Priam – King of Troy Revenant – Related Stories. Out of The Thousand and One NightsVampire – Spirits of the deadmuttaliku “wanderer”Ekimmu restless, hungry spiritNadilla – Vampire who eats husband.Abdul-Hassan – Husband of Nadilla who gets eaten“The Prince and the Ghoul” – Story of Indian lady about a ghoul who eats humans.“Amine” – Story about husband married to a ghoul who catches her and he is turned into a dog. Prose Edda – story written by snorri sturluson. Goals to preserve Norse myths/poetrySnorri Sturluson - Islandic Author, writer of Prose EddaÆsir - main gods. Odin, king of gods. Thor = storm, warrior god Vanir - fertility gods. Frey = god, fertility of earth. Freyja = goddess, sexual desireAsgard – Where gods liveOdin - king of godsThor - storm, warrior god Jötnar- giants related to godsfrost giants – Jotnar in Norse mythology.Ymir – Frost Giant. Odin makes world from his body.Midgard home of humansUtgard -home of giantsAsgard - home of ÆsirBifrost Rainbow BridgeYggdrasil - World TreeValhalla – Where Odin rules, death realmValkyries- training for Ragnarok = daily battleRagnarok - End of the world prophecy. When gods dieSaehrimnir – Boar that is feasted onHeidrun – Goat mead is made from Sleipnir – Odin’s HorseRavens – Give Odin newsLoki trickster god. shape-shifter. father of SleipnirFenrir – Son of Loki. (wolf)Jormungand – Puts sea around earthMidgard Serpent – Kills Thor, killed by ThorHel – Souls from underworldBaldr – survivor god of RagnarokSurt – Burns earth in RagnarokHeimdall – Kills Loki in RagnarokHod - survivor god of RagnarokLif – 1 of 2 human survivors of RagnarokLifthrasir - 1 of 2 human survivors of RagnarokKurnugi - “land of no return”Kur - “mountain”Ereshkigal - queen of underworld. has palace at underworld’s entranceGanzir - palace at underworld’s entrancegallas - demons (gallas) = drag a few spirits belowgidim - wander earth, haunt livingNamtar - son, vizier/messenger of EreshkigalNergal - god of plague, flood, war, fertilityErra - assimilated with NergalAmarna - site in EgyptSultantepe - site in AssyriaIshtar - Akkadian version of PoemInana - Sumerian version of PoemDumuzi - Ishtar’s lover. Dying god = fertility god Horus – “distant one”. assoc. with sky. falcon godRe - sun god, creator godRomet- humans remit – tears of Re’s eyes that created humansEye of Re – Created HumansHathor – Name of Eye of ReSekhmet – Merged from hathorBeer – Dyed red by HathorNun – Primordial waters, chaosHeliopolis – People in Nile river areaAtum - “the all”. creative forceShu - god of airTefnut goddess of moistureGeb earth godNut sky goddessOsiris – Son of Nut/GebSeth - Son of Nut/GebIsis Daughter of Nut/GebNephthys Daughter of Nut/GebEnnead nine gods) = Atum, Shu, Tefnut, Geb, Nut, Osiris, Isis, Seth, NephthysMemphis- People around Nile riverPtah - craftsman god. Patron god of MemphisPlutarch Greek writer (Roman Empire)duat Egyptian underworldka life forceba personality of personba-bird - for living, with breath of lifeshadow inseparable from personname person as individualakh transfigured soul (= good afterlife)Book of the Dead - collection of spells (papyrus)Mummiform – mummies, and such (:Anubis jackal god. mummifying god. escorts souls of deadMaat - Order/TruthAmamet/Ammit - monster Thoth - ibis god OR baboon. wisdom and writingProtestation of Guiltlessness - negative confession. if guiltlessness accepted, akh is admitted to afterlife Review Questions How are Achilles and Beowulf similar? How are they different? How do they embody the ideals of their respective cultures? Both are great warriors and Heros in their respective societies. Both also die eventually. A difference is that Beowulf fights for his king where as Achilles fights for himself. This could mean that the greeks could have valued indepence more that Norse society, who found loyalty more important.What are the similarities between the Norse, Mesopotamian, and Egyptian afterlives? What are the differences? All believe there is a continuation of life after death and that a body can die while the soul continues to live. But Egyptians believed that in order to join the afterlife they must confess their guiltlessness to the gods judging themHow do the gods who rule over the afterlife in the different cultures we have studied help to characterize those afterlives? It shows how each cultures views death and the afterlife as well as the cosmos as a whole. For example the egyptian afterlife of the Fields of paradise and the funeral rights show how the Egyptains viewed the afterlife as a continuation of life.How is the Egyptian cosmos similar to the Norse cosmos? How are they different?They are both the center of the cosmos surrounded by primordial waters. In Egyptian cosmos however the gods embody different physical forms (sun/moon).Why is it important to perform the correct funerary rites in Egyptian culture? How is thisdifferent from Mesopotamian culture? It is important so the dead will have everything they need in the afterlife (food/riches/servants) while in mesopotamian culture it is a sign of respect to the dead, the gods, and the family.What determines what the afterlife will be like in Norse mythology? How is this similar to
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