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III. List of Terms While I believe all these terms are indeed correct, I cannot be held responsible if they are not. Use at your discretion. Good luck.INTRODUCTION TO MYTHTen of the following terms will appear in the Identifications section of the exam. These terms are drawn from the lecture outlines.Hero Figures in whom the gods take a special interest. Trickster Amoral, shape-shifting deceivers; instigators; (sometimes) culture heroesPolytheism Belief in many godsAnthropomorphism Conception of gods in shape of human beingsBinaturalism Conception of gods with two natures. E.g. both god of water and water itselfSyncretismAdaptation of one culture’s mythic beliefs by another cultureSphere of influenceAreas with which gods are associated/have powerENUMA ELISHMesopotamia“land between rivers” Between the Tigris and Euphrates riversSumeriansFirst humans to build a civilization. Spoke a language not related to any known language.AkkadiansMesopotamian population. Made up of Assyrians and Babylonians.AssyriansSpoke different dialects of Akkadian languageBabyloniansA subculture of Akkadians. Wrote of Marduk in the Baal cycleEnuma ElishBabylonian creation epic. Recited/performed at New Year FestivalMardukFights and kills the god of the sea Tiamat. Represents order versus chaos.CuneiformEarly writing system used by many ancient civilizations.ApsuGod of fresh water. Binatural god.TiamatGod of the sea. Binatural god.LahmuSon of Apsu and Tiamat. Mates with Lahamu.LahamuDaughter of Apsu and Tiamat. Mates with Lahmu.AnsharSon of Lahmu and Lahamu. Mates with Kishar.KisharDaughter of Lahmu and Lahamu. Mates with Anshar.AnuGod of the uppermost sky. Binatural god.Ea/Enki/NuddimudGod of wisdom. Trickster god.MummuApsu’s assistant. Ea takes him captive.DamkinaEa’s mate. Mother of Marduk.Qingu/KinguLeader of Tiamat’s army. Given tablet of destinies.Kakka/GagaAssistant to Anshar. Repeats Tiamat’s monster passage.Tablet of DestiniesUnknown function. Reoccuring in myths.THE BAAL CYCLEBaal CycleA collection of poems about the god Baal. Used alphabetic script.UgaritWhere the Baal cycle tablets were found. City where chief priest lived.CanaanContained city of Ugarit. Tablets of Baal cycle found north of this region.CanaaniteRefers to the Canaan region of people and mythsElCreator god. Wise and eternal (old).BaalFrom the Baal Cycle. Storm god. King of the gods.HadadBaal is also called this name. “Thunderer.”DagonBaal’s father.ZaphonMountain that Baal lives on.AsherahWife of El. Mother of the gods.AnatSister of Baal. Goddess of war and hunting.Kothar-wa-HasisMakes clubs for Baal. Builds Baal’s house.ShapashSun goddess. Linked to life and death (summer and drought)Attanu-PurlianniChief priest of Baal’s temple. Canaanite.IlimilkuScribe who composed the Baal Cycle. Canaanite.Niqmaddu IIKing of Ugarit. (1375-1345 BCE)YamGod of the sea. Binatural. Defeated by Baal.MotGod of the underworld. Baal kills Mot after Mot attempts to kill Baal.ILLUYANKA MYTHS AND KUMARBICYCLEHittitesIndo-European people. Wrote the Illuyanka myths and the Kumarbi Cycle.HattiansIndigineous pre-hittite people. (1700-1200 BCE).HurriansPeople in northern Syria. Indo-European, sanskirt language.HattusasCapital Hittite city. Held many cuneiform tablets.Hattian/Hittite Storm GodName is unknown. Identified with Hattian storm god and Tessub.IlluyankaInitially defeats storm god and takes his heart and eyes. Storm god’s heart and eyes are returned by son which storm god kills along with Illuyanka.Purulli festivalFestival that occurred in spring. Illuynaka myths performed/recited at this time.InaraDaughter of storm god. Sleeps with mortal man to help her father kill Illuyanka.HupasiyaMortal man who Inara sleeps with. Ties up Illuyanka so Storm God can kill him.Kumarbi CycleGroup of poems about Kumarbi. Written in Hittite. Contains Song of Kumarbi and Song of Ullikumi.KumarbiHurrian god associated with the underworld. Overthrows Anu. Overthrown by Tessub.AlaluKing of gods. Father of Kumarbi. Overthrown by Anu.TessubBorn from Kumarbi. Overthrows Kumarbi Song of KumarbiSuccession myth. Rise and fall of Kumarbi.Song of UllikummiStory of Kumarbi’s attempt to overthrow Tessub. Ullikummi“Stone child” Product of Kumarbi having sex with a rock.UbelurriSky supporter. Ullikummi is placed on his right shoulder.GenesisMeans “to create” Creation myth. First book in the Jewish bible and Christian Old Testament.GENESISIsraelites/HebrewsNow Jews. Used to be monolatrous. Are now monotheistic.’elohim“god” Title.Yahweh“lord god” Too holy to be pronounced.’adonay“lord” used in place of Yahweh which was deemed too holy to pronounce.MonolatryWorship of one god. Did not deny existence of other gods.MonotheismWorship and belief in one god. Denied existence of other gods.LeviathanThe sea. Also known as Rahab. Serpent. Defeated by Yahweh.RahabThe sea. Also known as Leviathan. Serpent. Defeated by Yahweh.bereshith“in the beginning” Title.JEDP TheoryJulius Wellhausen created this theory of biblical division. Said Bible consisted of four divisions written by four separate writers.shemeshHebrew “sun” Not a god.YareahHebrew “moon” Not a god.TehomHebrew “deep.” Preexisting waters. Primordial?CosmocentricCentered around the creation of universe. Opposed to anthropocentric creation.GeocentricCentered around the creation of earth, sea, and plants.AnthropocentricCentered around the creation of human beings.Tree of KnowledgeMan and woman banished from garden of eden for eating from this tree. Gained human characteristics by eating from it.Tree of LifeMan and woman banished from garden of eden so they cannot eat from this tree. Fruit would give the consumer immortality.’itsavon“pain/toil” Punishment to man and woman for eating from Tree of Knowledge.’adamHebrew “human being.” Play on words regarding ‘adamah “soil”’adamahHebrew “soil.” Human (‘adam) created from soil. ‘adamah means soil. Play on words regarding this. AdamMan in Genesis creation story. Banished from Garden of EdenEveWoman in Genesis creation story. Eats from Tree of Knowledge. Causes Adam and Eve both to be banished from Garden of EdenTHEOGONYHesiodWrote Theogony. Greek poet.Theogony“birth of gods” Written by Greek poet Hesiod.ProemPart poem part prose. Found in Hesiod’s Theogony.MusesDaughters of Zeus and Memory. Introduce Hesiod as a character/narratorHelikonMountain in Greece. First line of theogony


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FSU CLT 3378 - Study Guide

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