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CLT 3378 EXAM 2 REVIEW APOCALYPSE MYTHS Eschatology the study of the end of things Divine intervention ritual cleansing fire water plague Shows the difficulty for humans to conceptualize a world without humans Flood Stories Evident in most cultures across the world common point in Greek and Egyptian history Evidence exists that a real flood could have occurred Cleansing allows a new creation to arise o could have stemmed from floods of the Nile Tigris and Euphrates Basic structure o humanity considered a failure by the god s or displeases them o flood sent to destroy life on earth o variable god warns and or aids on man man builds boat puts animals on it o man and wife survive flood binary opposites o populate the earth or create new more humans limited Mesopotamian Flood Stories Atrahasis o Humans created to serve gods o Overpopulation due to long lifespans Ellil sends plague famine then drought o The god Enki aids Atrahasis and his family o Gods impose lifespan birth rate infant mortality to control the population o Conflict between Enki Ea and Ellil Enlil Enki refuses to use his power against mortals proposed a worship strike to save the people o Solutions proposed Ellil seven days and nights of rains to flood the earth Enki celibate priestesses limit population Nintu infant mortality kills 1 3 of population Flood Story in Genesis o Wickedness of humans inspire God to send a flood o God chooses Noah for rebirth of humankind o Noah is given detailed instructions to build a boat and collect two of each animal o Rained for 40 days and nights water receded after 150 days o Boat lands on Mt Ararat Noah releases a raven then two doves one of the doves brings back an olive leaf o Noah sacrifices an animal on an altar o Noah repopulates Earth with his three sons and their wives o God agrees to never destroy humans again sends a rainbow Epic of Gilgamesh The Flood o Rained for 6 days and 7 nights water receded after more than 7 days o Ut napishtim releases dove then swallow then raven the raven finds land Ovid s Metamorphosis o Mankind returned to clay after cleansing flood o Ut napishtim sacrifices animals at the end o The gods were scared of the storm they had created and cried over it in heaven where they hid this showed regret o Also included specific instructions of the size dimensions of the boat o Follows Deucalion son of Prometheus and the Noah figure and his wife Pyrrha daughter of Epimetheus o Great flood sent by Zeus to punish Lycaon s cannibalism Lycaon tried to offer his son as human sacrifice the gods were displeased o Punishment of mortals because of wickedness Age of Iron o Divine council decides on proper punishment flood Zeus angered that Deucalion and Pyrrha survived but okay with it because of how pious they are o Deucalion and Pyrrha repopulated the world by throwing stones over their shoulders as they walk Gaia repopulates the world s animals o Boat lands on Mt Parnassus Armageddon Comes from Har Meggido Israel o famous battlefield in the Bible Judges Kings Book of Revelation o Book of Revelation symbolic battlefield between good and evil during the Last Judgment Generic term for the catastrophic end of the world Day of Judgment Zoroastrianism Persia Forces of light confront forces of darkness dead will be judged Ragnarok Norse Doom of the Gods Sometimes conceptualized as paving the way for the new Christian order Due to natural causes and warfare among the gods Prophecy three winters with no summer between them unbalance in the world Sun and moon swallowed by wolves stars disappear bonds will be broken Great battles will lead to deaths of the gods Odin vs Fenrir the wolf s Thor vs Includes kernel of hope in Ask Embla like the flood stories Midgard Serpent Loki vs Heimdall watchmen Ragnarok comes from reginn organizing powers world descends into chaos o translates into fate doom of the organizing powers 2012 Maya Tower of Babel New Age myth actually a mistranslation Only given nine verses in Genesis but very famous Interpretation 1 o Pride and punishment o Human activity centripetal vs divine activity centrifugal Point of intersection God came down to see the Tower Paralleled Babylonian gods descending to see Marduk s Temple Interpretation 2 Interpretation 3 o Critique of an empire about Babylonians in particular not the human race o Hubris excessive pride which leads to eventual downfall divine retribution o Nimrod king in charge of organizing construction of the Tower o Cultural diversification etiology o More recent interpretation o Neither hubristic nor Babylonian o God intervenes not punishes to stop cultural homogeneity o Language primary maker of a specific culture cultural tradition or ethnic group o Comes from new interpretations of translations Babel babble Barbaroi Greek onomatopoeia for blah blah blah Tower with its top in the sky clich for height Confused mixed same word different readings Reality could have been the Temple of Nanna at Ur Atlantis Comes from Plato a Greek philosopher from his books Timeaus and Kritias Division of world into known and unknown Etiology of Atlantic s navigability Huge island consisting of concentric circles of land and sea ruled by Poseidon o He had children with a mortal who was protected in the island It was peaceful under Poseidon s laws Plato created Atlantis to show morals The people of Atlantis prospered then became greedy and had to suffer As the people further diluted their immortal heritage they began to disregard the laws Destruction of Atlantis not explicitly stated only said that it sunk The gods looked on from Olympus as it sunk o Did they cause it left open ended on purpose Plato s story serves as a cultural memory of volcanic eruption at Santorini o Bigger eruption than Pompeii blew a hole in the island o Once occupied by Minoans who mysteriously disappeared from the island FOUNDATION STORIES The City Rome Plutarch Feminine in nature offered nourishment and protection Origin of communities and of behavior of people in a common area or community o Wrote Parallel Lives which compared famous Greek and Roman characters in pairs to highlight their similarities o Compared Romulus founder of Rome to Theseus founder of Athens Greece o Believed Romulus and others are real historical figured clouded by myth sought to clear up their stories and make them more factual o Myth basis in real events with divine and fantastic elements o 753 BCE symbolic founding of Rome Vestal Virgins o Priestesses of Rome practiced


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FSU CLT 3378 - EXAM #2 REVIEW

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