FSU CLT 3378 - Final Exam Study Guide for Ancient Mythology

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Final Exam Study Guide for Ancient MythologyOedipus- Oedipus: the last Greek hero who had moral parents, and later become the tragic king of Thebes.o His ankles were pierced with metal pins so the gods would decide his fate and was given to a shepherd so he could be exposed to the mountains, but the shepherd could not abandon baby Oedipus, so he gave him to Merope and Polybos. Oed- ‘swollen’ + -pous ‘foot’o At a crossroads he kills a man, Laios, and all but one of his servants, later he goes to Thebes where Creon is kingand solves the sphinx’s riddleo Has children with Jocasta, son: Eteocles and Polyneices, and daughter: An- Laios: the childless king of Thebes, the son he had with Jocasta will kill him one day and marry his mother according to the Delphic oracle, and he impregnates Jocasta while drunk- Jocasta: the childless queen of Thebes, according to the Delphic oracle her son will kill his father and marry her- Thebes: ancient capital city of Egypt where Oedipus is born and one day rules- Delphic oracle: the son of Jocasta will kill his father; it is the oracle of Apollo at Delphi, the responses are typically riddles- Apollo: the god of sun who give prophecies to both Oedipus and Creon. His knowledge is absolute and are not considered as warnings- Delphi: an ancient Greek city on the slopes of Mount Parnassus- Merope: the foster mother of Oedipus, the queen of Corinth- Polybos: the foster father of Oedipus, the king of Corinth- Corinth: where Oedipus lived with his adopted parents- Creon: the brother of Jocasta and uncle of Antigone who became king of Thebes after the fall of Laios- Sphinx: monster from Near Eastern myths who terrorizes Thebes, has the head of a woman, the body of a lion and the wings of a birdo What has one voice, but four legs, then two legs, then three legs?” and Oedipus solves the riddle, so it jumps toits death- Sophocles: Athenian tragedian wrote over 120 plays, the author of Oedipus Rex (420s BCE)- Oedipus the King: the king of Thebes killed his father and married his mother by accident; after finding he was the cause of the kingdom’s misfortune, his mother/wife committed suicide and he blinded himself with Jocasta’s dress pins and decided to live life homeless and blindo Due to the plague in Thebes, Oedipus and Creon try to figure out what happened to Laois and Teiresias tells them that Oedipus is the murder- Aristotle: a Greek philosopher- Poetics: literary criticism by Aristotle, the earliest surviving work of dramatic theory and the first to focus in the literally theory- Hamartia: the character flaw or error of a tragic hero that leads to his downfall- Anagnorisis: when the heron has a recognition of truth about one’s self and his actions; moment of clarity- Dramatic irony: when a reader is aware of something that a character is not- Teiresias: a blind prophet that tells Oedipus that he is a murderer when in the Land of the Dead- Chiton: a dress that Jocasta and other ancient Greeks wore- Sigmund Freud: a Jewish Austrian psychiatrist that created the Oedipus Complex- Oedipus complex: according to Freud, a boy’s sexual desires toward his mother and jealousy and hatred for the rivalfather- Herodotus: the ancient Greek known as the father of history, his mom was the “homeland”- Hippias: exiled Athenian tyrant that had sexual dreams about his mother From Paleontology to Mythology- Fossil: Latin, curious or valuable things that comes out of the ground, they are explained by myths, pseudo-science, the observation of nature, and knowledge of anatomy- Protoceratops: skeleton found in the Gobi Desert by Roy Chapman Andrews; erosions by wind and rain revealed gold fossils, white bones in red sand; they were thought to be guarding eggs.o Had beaks, frill, pronounced scapula, four-legged bird, and protective- Griffin: mythological creatures that guard gold, compared to protoceratopsFinal Exam Study Guide for Ancient Mythologyo Had ears or horns, flew or hopped, with a beak, and feathers/scales/fur- Monster of Troy: Late Corinthian column krater (560-540 BCE), monster that appeared after a flood; hesione, human sacrifice that is slayed by Herakles, the monster is depicted as a skull, and a composite of a giant giraffe, ostrich, and whale- Cyclops: signle central hole, trunk and eye socket; Island of Sicily, example: Cyclops Polyphemus in Odyssey- Bones of Orestes: Delphic oracle to the Spartans, “bring orestes to your city, it was 7 cubic feet found in Tegean Forge and brought back to Sparta to be reburied with great honors, this sparked Panhellenic bone rush, paradoxographers Rig Veda- Rig Veda: oldest literally work in India, it was composed in early Sanski during 1700-1100 BCE, it was an oral for centuries then became 10 books of 1028 hymns to the gods composed by the Vedic people. Rig “praise” and veda is“knowledge.” Later is became sacred to Hindus- Sanskrit: and early Indo-European language- Vedic people: composed the Rig Veda for the gods- Agni: a binatural fire god including natural like the sun and lighting, domestic: hearth, ritual: sacrifice, funeral: cremation, poetry: light for inspiration- Soma: a binatural deified sacred drink and a god, it is hallucinogenic and made from an unknown plant that grows in the mountains which was drank by priest and gods because it is associated with vitality and immortality. When the priests drink soma they are god like momentarily. It is associated with fear because soma is a frightening drink since it makes you do things you might not normally do, also it is associated with exultation, we suspect that this could be a god transformed, possibly Indra, it made him more powerful and magical- Indra: king of gods, thunder, and war like Baal’s association with rain and fertility, he is avid drinker of soma then he beats up monsters and humans. Poet/seer (cf. Angi, Soma) writing Rig Veda compared themselves to him, because he seemed to be a poet.o He is the child of Aditi and Tvashtr, he was kept unborn, and later kills his father, similar to Kronos, in Hesiod’s Theogony, because Ouranos would not let Gaia give birth to him so Kronos castrated and overthrew his father, but Indra’s mother kept him in the womb so he burst out of her side and kills Tvashtr- Vritra: a demonic dragon or serpent that holds back all the waters in the world, so Indra kills him with his thunderbolts creating the rivers in the world- Tiamat: vritra’s death is compared to how when Marduk kills Tiamat,


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FSU CLT 3378 - Final Exam Study Guide for Ancient Mythology

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