CLT3378 Final Exam Study GuideNative American - tricksters; stories told orally; like raven and coyoteRaven - belonged to Tlingit (Klinkit) people; creates world; distributes the sun, moon, water, fog,fire, female genitals, and animals; causes a flood which kills everyone and has to recreate humans out of leavesTlingit - pronounced "klinkit"; native american people that lived in Alaska and NW Canada; christianized, origin of people from Nass River?Nass River - possible origin of Tlingit people; located in AlaskaKit-ka'ositiyi-qa - Raven's father; godPetrel - controls all freshwater/spring water and fog with a fog hat; Raven rubs dog manure on him so he can steal his water; willingly gives fog to ravenCoyote - trickster in the western U.S. of the Klamath people (oregon); considered a culture hero because he distributes fire to the worldWest Africa - where Akan people live; Anansi is a West African tricksterAnansi - name means spider; West African trickster of Akan people; aka Ananse, Kweku/Kwaku(meaning born on wednesday); sometimes called Aunt Nancy/Miss Nancy by Americans; liminalfigure (threshold between one realm and another; god, man, and animal)Nyame - aka Onyame; friend of Anansi; sometimes called Ananse Kokuroko or "the great spider; sky god; possible that he was the same figure as Anansi; father of BaduasemanpensaBaduasemanpensa - Nyame's daughter; name sounds like a talking drum; marries lizard after it guesses her name (after hearing Anansi say it)India - southern Asia; Rig Veda is oldest literary work of IndiaRig Veda - oldest literary work of India; was told orally for centuries, then written in sanskrit; composed by Vedic people; 1028 hymns to gods in 10 books; means "praise knowledge"; sacred to Hindus; earliest of four vedasSanskrit - indo-european language; Rig Veda written in sanskritVedic people - composed Rid Veda; from indiaAgni - Vedic god; name means fire; binatural (thing and god); represents fire/lightening/sun, hearth, sacrifice, cremation, poetrySoma - Vedic god; binatural (thing and god); deified sacred drink; drink is hallucinogenic and made from an unknown plant from mountains; drank by gods/priests, brought vitality and immortality to gods (priests did not become immortal themselves)Indra - Vedic god; king of the gods; god of thunder and war; rain and fertility god; drinker of soma; poet/seer; son of father Tvashtr and mother Aditi?; Indra was kept in his womb by Aditi toprevent him from killing his father (unlike Gaia who wanted to bare Kronos); Indra bursts out of his mother's side and kills his father; kills Vritra with thunderboltsVritra - male dragon/serpent; holds back waters in the world; killed by Indra's thunderbolts and rivers are created (like tiamat); storm god vs dragonTiamat - compares to Vritra; she is the sea; primordial water, used to create things; killed by storm god MardukSarama - King Indra's dog; tracks down the cattle that Panis (demons) stole and resists their bribesPanis - demons; live beyond river Rasa which encircles heaven and earth; steals cattle of Angirases (family of sages)river Rasa - encircles heaven and earth; demons Panis live beyond it; compared to OkeanosGolden Embryo - unknown creator god referred to as Hiranyagarbha (a title, not name); arises from primordial waters; creates waters; separates earth and sky then creates earth and sky (contradicting)Hiranyagarbha - title in which the golden embryo is referred to; hirany = gold; garbha = egg/womb/seed/embryoPrajapati - creator god; later edition of HiranyagarbhaPurusha - cosmic giant/primeval male; not a human being; dismembered by creator god; used to create universe (like Ymir, Tiamat and Apsu) like earth, sky, gods, humans, animals; first sacrifice, as both an object and a recipientAditi - female creative force/infinity goddess; gives birth to earth (which bears the sky); gives birth to Daksha and he gives birth to her; sun born from her; has 8 sons (including Martanda, who she rejects because he "dies" every night); mother of Indra?Daksha - male creative force; born by Aditi and gives birth to AditiMartanda - sun; rejected because he "dies" every night and is "reborn" in the morning; son of AditiYama - king of dead (the afterlife realm, he was human); first mortal to reach the death realm in heaven; path maker for humansThree Days of Soma - after cremation, fire burns for 3 days (because it takes 3 days for souls to travel path to death realm; soma is offered to priestsNorse - medieval scandinavians/vikings in the northÆsir - family of norse gods at war with Vanir family; good gods; create orderVanir - family of norse gods at war with Aesir; live with Aesir in Asgard; fertility godsNjord - Vanir sea god; father of twins Frey and FreyjaFrey - son of Njord; fertility of earth god; killed by giant, Surt, at Ragnarok; brother of FreyjaFreyja - daughter of Njord; goddess of sexual desire; sister of Freyjötnar - giants; not always gigantic; enemies of Aesir and Vanir, associated with evilOdin - king of Aesir; god of death and cleverness; his horse, Sleipnir, has 8 legs; father of Thor, Vali, and Vidar, and Baldr; son of Bor and Bestla; swallowed by Fenrir at Ragnarok; brother of Vili and VeValhalla - one of the 2 death realms; norse idea of best afterlife; hall in Asgard; home of Aesir; for souls of the warriors slain in battle; warriors await Ragnarok, feast on boar, and drink meadAsgard - a level on the ash tree Yggdrasil, level right under the surface of the ground; Aesir and Vanir live here; Valhalla is a hall in AsgardValkyries - female spirits of battle; lead dead warrior souls to Valhalla; Valkyia = chooser of the slainSaehrimnir - boar that the dead warrior souls of Valhalla feast on everyday, it regenerates itself at nightHeidrun - goat that provides mead to warrior souls of ValhallaSleipnir - King Odin of Aesir's horse that has 8 legs; son of Loki; the god Hermod rides him to HelHugin - one of the two ravens that tells King Odin of Aesir all the news in the world; hugin - "thought"Munin - one of the two ravens that tells King Odin of Aesir all the news in the world; Munin = "mind/memory"Yggdrasil - ash tree; world tree; supports the universe; different levels of different realms (like Asgard, Midgard, Utgard, and Hel)Thor - storm god; son of Odin; warrior/strongman; prized possessions are his hammer (Mjollnir),iron gloves, and belt which enhances strength; protects gods from giants; worshipped by farmers and sailors; protector of afterlife and
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