FSU CLT 3378 - Introduction to Greek Mythology

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o Stability formation of city states Greek Alphabet Iliad and Odyssey Homer and Hesiod First Olympic Games 776 BCE CLT3378 Study Guide for Test 2 Introduction to Greek Mythology Early Greek History Minoan Period c 3100 1000 BCE on Crete Mycenaean Period c 1670 1190 BCE on mainland Greece o Linear B script emerges End of Late Bronze Age c 1190 1020 BCE The Dark Ages c 1020 900 BCE o Mediterranean wide Migration Geometric Period c 900 700 BCE Orientalizing Period c 730 630 BCE o Near Eastern Influence Who was Hesiod Ancient Greek poet lived c 750 650 BCE Wrote Theogony and Work and Days Theogony o Birth of the gods Works and Days o Toil and pain make up the human condition o Agricultural manual of sorts o Five Ages of Man o Biographical information about Hesiod himself Born in Ascra moved to Kyme Theogony Background Written during the literary origins of Ancient Greek society o Transitional time oral to literary Citadels replaced by hundreds of city states or poleis singular polis o Eg Athens and Sparta No unified state at this point separate city states compete with each other for resources Exciting How human beings tried to make sense of the creation of their world without the influence of modern technology I Invocation to the Muses Lines 1 115 o Muses daughters of Zeus and Mnemosyne Memory Can tell truth from fiction o Traditional beginning Muses inspire poets o Hesiod Shepherding on Mt Helicon o Given a rod of laurel and a divine voice II Creation Myth Begins on Line 116 Themes of the Theogony The Theogony is both a creation and a succession myth o Sons supplant fathers for power and to rule all of the gods o E g Ouranos to Kronos to Zeus Castration Vomiting Cannibalism Cosmic Conflict Hymn to Zeus Incest o Chaos o Gaia o Tartaros o Eros o King of the Greek gods o Attests to the origins of his power Hesiod s Eight Stages of Creation Primal first Gods Only gods not born from other gods Primal Gods Chaos Gaia o Chasm empty space nothingness o Bi natural space god o Earth o Bi natural not formed from Chaos o Foundation of Mt Olympus Tartaros Eros o Dark abyss underworld o Prison for gods o Love sexual desire o Bi natural abstract concept Erebos and Night o Both created from Chaos o Parthenogenesis virgin birth asexual reproduction o Erebos place of underworld where souls went o Erebos Night Aether Bright Air and Day Gaia produces Ouranos Hills and Pontus o Ouranos heaven surrounds Gaia o Pontus sea o Parthenogenesis Gaia and Ouranos o Incestial sexual relationship occurs because there are not enough existing gods yet o 3 sets of children etc Titans 12 Oceanus Tethys Kronos Cronos Rhea Themis Iapetus Cyclopes 3 one eyed locked in Tartaros by Ouranos Hundred Handers 3 hidden away by Ouranos inside of Gaia or Tartaros also The castration of Ouranos o Gaia s Revenge Kronos lies in wait Sickle of adamant o Genitalia thrown into the sea Aphros sea foam froth Aphrodite Eros and Desire twins follow her was she born pregnant o Frees Cyclopes and Hundred Handers at first later changes mind returns them to Tartaros Kronos current king of gods and Rhea o Incestual sexual relationship o First Generation Olympians Greek name Roman name Hestia Vesta hearth home Demeter Ceres agriculture grain Hera Juno queen of the gods women marriage Hades Pluto Underworld death Poseidon Neptune sea rivers earthquakes horses Zeus Jupiter king of gods weather law fate Kronos devours children o Prophecy foretold Kronos freaks out o Children swallowing children are immortal so they remain alive o Gaia tells Rhea to hide Zeus on Crete o Stone substitution o Zeus grows up on Crete o Kronos vomits up the stone and his children o Stone Omphalos still at Delphi today Oracle to Apollo Zeus and Olympians defeat Kronos and the Titans confining them in Tartaros o III Titanomachy Lines 617 721 Titan Battle In Thessaly between Mt Olympus vs Mt Othrys 10 year stalemate Hundred Handers released Zeus obtains thunder and lightning from released Cyclopes Zeus hurls thunderbolts everywhere fire winds and earthquakes Zeus and Hundred Handers prevail Titans imprisoned in Tartaros All imprisoned Not Prometheus son of Iapetus Zeus becomes the king of the Olympian gods He weds and swallows Metis begetting Athena o Metis second generation Titan daughter of Oceanus and Tethys o Metis applied intelligence Name depicts the progression of Zeus o Metis pregnant with Athena Zeus concerned prophecy may affect him too o Zeus swallows Metis so that she may counsel him o Athena wisdom born through Zeus head Side story Zeus and Typhoeus Theogony Lines 820 880 o Takes place at the end of the Titanomachy o Earth Tartaros two primal gods produce Typhoeus One hundred snake heads with flashing fire Side story Zeus and Typhoeus Version 1 Zeus challenged must do something to maintain power Zeus lightning vs Typhoeus fire Zeus unleashes lightning banishes Typhoeus to Tartaros Storm winds that can wreak havoc on ancient Greek sailors Side story Zeus and Typhoeus Version 2 Apollodorus Library o Greek mythological handbook 1st or 2nd century CE o Author unknown Psuedo Apollodorus Account o Earth Tartaros Typhon o Man beast hybrid 100 dragon heads lower body of coiled vipers winged o Gods flee Zeus attacks with thunderbolt and sickle of adamant o Sinews of Zeus hands and feet cut by sickle o Zeus guarded by she dragon in cave o Hermes returns sinews to Zeus o Zeus pelts Typhon with thunderbolts throws Mt Etna upon him Plato Timaeus Plato c 429 347 BCE Greek philosopher Different version of Greek creation Timaeus Socratic dialogue c 360 BCE Creator god inherently good being o Wants everything that is disorderly to become good like himself o Order Disorder o Puts intelligence into soul soul into body o World living god w soul and intelligence o Composed of equal proportions of water air fire and earth o Single solitary heavenly sphere that turns in a circle o World soul all living things in the world are intrinsically connected Prometheus Pandora and Hesiod s Races of Man Theogony lines 507 616 Gaia Ouranos 12 Titans o Iapetusm Oceanus and Tethys siblings Neatly ankled Clymene daughter of Oceanus Iapetus Clymene Prometheus Atlas Epimetheus Menoetius All 4 children punished by Zeus o Epimetheus Pandora o Menoetius prideful Erebos o Atlas supports heaven Prometheus in Theogony Trickster amoral Zeus first cousin and peer Forethinker Punishment bound and or impaled by Zeus o Pillar or cliff Hesiod unclear Eagle and liver Heracles the archer to the rescue


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FSU CLT 3378 - Introduction to Greek Mythology

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