CLT3378 01 Ancient Mythology East and West Fall 2015 Study Guide for Exam 2 HERE YOU WILL FIND ALL STORY SUMMARIES HIGHLIGHTED IN GREY IT IS STRONGLY RECCOMENDED THAT YOU READ THEM AS THEY WILL HELP YOU UNDERSTAND THE ENTIRE STORY AND TERMS THEY ARE VERY IN DEPTH AND HIGHLIGHT EVERY THING HE COVERED SAID IN CLASS THAT CAN BE USED ON THE TEST ALL TERMS FROM THE STUDY GUIDE ARE COVERED AS WELL AFTER THE SUMMARIES THEY ARE THE BOLD TERMS NOT HIGHLIGHTED IN GREY MYTHS WITH DIFFERENT STORIES WITHIN ARE BROKEN DOWN INTO A AND B WITH A BREAK IN SUMMARIES TERMS FOR BETTER UNDERSTANDING 1 Atrahasis and the Flood Culture Babylonian or more broadly Mesopotamian Work read Atrahasis Type of work poem Date of work c 1700 BCE Language of work Akkadian in cuneiform script A subcategory of apocalyptic myth is a flood myth it s the story at how one god gets angry and sends flood to destroy all life on earth Earliest flood myths were Sumerian Atrahasis is the Babylonian culture version Language of work is Akkadian STORY SUMMARY Earth already exists prior to the story NOT A CREATION MYTH human beings don t exist yet Represents Mesopotamian kings linking irrigation to tigres and euphraties irrigation fields The elder gods made the younger gods do all the work on the earth and after digging the beds for the Tigris and Euphrates rivers for 3600 years the young gods finally rebel Enki the god of wisdom suggests the gods create human beings who will do the work instead of the gods One of the gods Ilawela offers himself as a sacrifice to create humans The goddess Nintu the mother goddess adds Ilawela s blood to clay blood clay to create seven male and seven female human beings similar to gensis adam made from earth and water THREE RULER GODS 1 Ellil earth Is in charge of earth 2 Anu sky 3 Enki Ea apsu where his temple is SAME CULTURE HERE 3 GODS RULING ENUMA ELISH IS ONLY MARDUK The Anger of Ellil 600 Years pass after the creation of Humans there is an over population but its not explained why It is possible the humans were not made mortal The noise of humans annoys Ellil similar to how the noise upsets Apsu in Enuma Elish Ellil calls assembly divine council myth 1 ELLIL SENDS PLAGUE only meant to kill human beings no animals Enki gives advice to worship Namtara instead build a temple for Namtara Namtara then lifts the plague 2 ELLIL SENDS FAMINE sends famine just to foreign being Enki gives advice to worship only god Adad build a temple Adad lifts Famine 3 ELILL SENDS DROUGHT Fragmentary text Third god lifts drought 4 ELLIL CALLS ASSEMBALLY AND SENDS FLOOD not just for humans but ALL LIFE ON EARTH Enki trickster gods breaks oath to Ellil not to tell humans advises atrahasis Built boat put animals on it Flood begins 7 days 7 nights Nintu weeps over the human beings that are going to die they are her creation kids Atrahasis lands and sacrafices to gods why sacrifice animals to gods gods consume smoke savor of burning flesh smoke goes to heaven gods savor the smoke Gods gather like flies atrahasis sacrafices animal to the gods and gods like it Nintu Ellil and Anu flood why did you convince us to destroy these human beings Atrahasis sacrifice shows honor to the gods Nintu is questioning his actions Nintu with help from enki institutes 1 infant mortality Nintu institutes it to keep the population problem 2 shorter human lifespan mortality Text not clear somehow she makes humans die off faster Atrahasis Study Guide Terms Ipiq Aya author or compiler of tablets It is unknown who wrote atrahasis and flood Shuruppak Mesopotamian city where Atrahasis is king Atrahasis extra wise King of the Mesopotamian city Shuruppak Very close and often seeks advise from Ea Ea protects Atrahasis goddess of wisdom Mesopotamian concept of personal god He is a patron god similar to Marduk and Babylon Ellil Earth is in charge of the Earth God s Boss and storm god Gets advice from Enki on how to create humans Is annoyed by sounds of humans overpopulation does not explain why maybe humans made not mortal Ellil annoyance similar to Apsu and Enuma Elish Sends plague only meant to kill human beings Then sends Famine Then sends Drought Then sends flood meant to kill not only humans but all life on earth After the flood Atrahasis sacrafices an animal to the gods and the gods question actions Ellil post flood is still angry because he knows someone told atrahasis enki Mami Nintu Creator goddess of humans Humans made to work of gods After Enki gives advice to Ellil says create humans by using blood of slain god Ilawela is the god slain Mami Nintu uses blood clay to create 7 women 7 men After flood begins Nintu weeps over the humans that are going to die her kids Nintu institutes infant mortality to solve the population problem and a shorter human lifespan mortality text not clear somehow she makes humans die off faster Enki s Nintu s solution no future flood over population cant happen again Ilawela God slain to create humans Blood is mixed with clay by Mami Nintu to create 7 women 7 men blood clay similar to genesis adam made from earth and water Namtara Ellil angry at humans noise sends Plague only aimed at human beings not animals Enki gives advise to Atrahasis to worship Namtara instead and build a temple for Namtara Namtara lifts plague Adad Ellil sends Famine after Plague is lifted Enki gives advise to Atrahasis to worship only god Adad and build a temple for him Adad lifts famine reed hut Ea trickster god vows to Ellil that he won t tell the humans about the flood So he tells a reed hut knowing that Atrahasis is behind it and will hear him So clever New Atrahasis Fragment Atrahasis gets boat building instructions from enki on how to deal with the flood Build a boat and put animals and family on it Make a boat of woven palm fibers and make it circular Similar to modern coracle basket boat Noah and Flood 2 Utnapishtim 2a Utnapishtim Story Summary Gilgamesh wants to become immortal and seeks Utnapishtim Utnapishtim is the narrator of the story to Gilgamesh Utnapishtim basically says it s a long story but gods decide to send flood Doesn t give reason for flood just says gods have sent it starts with the flood Could possibly be anger of Ellil but Utnapishtim doesn t tell us The story ends and Utnapishtim and his wife get immortality doesn t happen to Atrahasis Ea trickster and personal god was sworn not to tell about flood but talks to reed hut and brick wall to warn Utnapishtim like atrahasis Boat has to be circular and Bitumen water
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