List of Terms III While I believe all these terms are indeed correct I cannot be held responsible if they are not Use at your discretion Good luck INTRODUCTION TO MYTH Ten of the following terms will appear in the Identifications section of the exam These terms are drawn from the lecture outlines Hero Figures in whom the gods take a special interest Trickster Amoral shape shifting deceivers instigators sometimes culture heroes Polytheism Belief in many gods Anthropomorphism Conception of gods in shape of human beings Binaturalism Conception of gods with two natures E g both god of water and water itself Syncretism Adaptation of one culture s mythic beliefs by another culture Sphere of influence Areas with which gods are associated have power ENUMA ELISH Mesopotamia land between rivers Between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers Sumerians First humans to build a civilization Spoke a language not related to any known language Akkadians Mesopotamian population Made up of Assyrians and Babylonians Assyrians Spoke different dialects of Akkadian language Babylonians A subculture of Akkadians Wrote of Marduk in the Baal cycle Enuma Elish Babylonian creation epic Recited performed at New Year Festival Marduk Fights and kills the god of the sea Tiamat Represents order versus chaos Cuneiform Early writing system used by many ancient civilizations Apsu God of fresh water Binatural god Tiamat God of the sea Binatural god Lahmu Son of Apsu and Tiamat Mates with Lahamu Lahamu Daughter of Apsu and Tiamat Mates with Lahmu Anshar Son of Lahmu and Lahamu Mates with Kishar Kishar Daughter of Lahmu and Lahamu Mates with Anshar Anu God of the uppermost sky Binatural god Ea Enki Nuddimud God of wisdom Trickster god Mummu Apsu s assistant Ea takes him captive Damkina Ea s mate Mother of Marduk Qingu Kingu Leader of Tiamat s army Given tablet of destinies Kakka Gaga Assistant to Anshar Repeats Tiamat s monster passage Tablet of Destinies Unknown function Reoccuring in myths THE BAAL CYCLE Baal Cycle A collection of poems about the god Baal Used alphabetic script Ugarit Where the Baal cycle tablets were found City where chief priest lived Canaan Contained city of Ugarit Tablets of Baal cycle found north of this region Canaanite Refers to the Canaan region of people and myths El Creator god Wise and eternal old Baal From the Baal Cycle Storm god King of the gods Hadad Baal is also called this name Thunderer Dagon Baal s father Zaphon Mountain that Baal lives on Asherah Wife of El Mother of the gods Anat Sister of Baal Goddess of war and hunting Kothar wa Hasis Makes clubs for Baal Builds Baal s house Shapash Sun goddess Linked to life and death summer and drought Attanu Purlianni Chief priest of Baal s temple Canaanite Ilimilku Scribe who composed the Baal Cycle Canaanite Niqmaddu II King of Ugarit 1375 1345 BCE Yam God of the sea Binatural Defeated by Baal Mot God of the underworld Baal kills Mot after Mot attempts to kill Baal ILLUYANKA MYTHS AND KUMARBI CYCLE Hittites Indo European people Wrote the Illuyanka myths and the Kumarbi Cycle Hattians Indigineous pre hittite people 1700 1200 BCE Hurrians People in northern Syria Indo European sanskirt language Hattusas Capital Hittite city Held many cuneiform tablets Hattian Hittite Storm God Name is unknown Identified with Hattian storm god and Tessub Illuyanka Initially defeats storm god and takes his heart and eyes Storm god s heart and eyes are returned by son which storm god kills along with Illuyanka Purulli festival Festival that occurred in spring Illuynaka myths performed recited at this time Inara Daughter of storm god Sleeps with mortal man to help her father kill Illuyanka Hupasiya Mortal man who Inara sleeps with Ties up Illuyanka so Storm God can kill him Kumarbi Cycle Group of poems about Kumarbi Written in Hittite Contains Song of Kumarbi and Song of Ullikumi Kumarbi Hurrian god associated with the underworld Overthrows Anu Overthrown by Tessub Alalu King of gods Father of Kumarbi Overthrown by Anu Tessub Born from Kumarbi Overthrows Kumarbi Song of Kumarbi Succession myth Rise and fall of Kumarbi Song of Ullikummi Story of Kumarbi s attempt to overthrow Tessub Ullikummi Stone child Product of Kumarbi having sex with a rock Ubelurri Sky supporter Ullikummi is placed on his right shoulder Genesis Means to create Creation myth First book in the Jewish bible and Christian Old Testament GENESIS Israelites Hebrews Now Jews Used to be monolatrous Are now monotheistic elohim god Title Yahweh lord god Too holy to be pronounced adonay lord used in place of Yahweh which was deemed too holy to pronounce Monolatry Worship of one god Did not deny existence of other gods Monotheism Worship and belief in one god Denied existence of other gods Leviathan The sea Also known as Rahab Serpent Defeated by Yahweh Rahab The sea Also known as Leviathan Serpent Defeated by Yahweh JEDP Theory Julius Wellhausen created this theory of biblical division Said Bible consisted of four divisions written by four separate writers bereshith in the beginning Title shemesh Hebrew sun Not a god Yareah Hebrew moon Not a god Tehom Hebrew deep Preexisting waters Primordial Cosmocentric Centered around the creation of universe Opposed to anthropocentric creation Geocentric Centered around the creation of earth sea and plants Anthropocentric Centered around the creation of human beings Tree of Knowledge Man and woman banished from garden of eden for eating from this tree Gained human characteristics by eating from it Tree of Life Man and woman banished from garden of eden so they cannot eat from this tree Fruit would give the consumer immortality itsavon pain toil Punishment to man and woman for eating from Tree of Knowledge adam Hebrew human being Play on words regarding adamah soil adamah Hebrew soil Human adam created from soil adamah means soil Play on words regarding this Adam Man in Genesis creation story Banished from Garden of Eden Eve Woman in Genesis creation story Eats from Tree of Knowledge Causes Adam and Eve both to be banished from Garden of Eden THEOGONY Hesiod Wrote Theogony Greek poet Theogony birth of gods Written by Greek poet Hesiod Proem Part poem part prose Found in Hesiod s Theogony Muses Daughters of Zeus and Memory Introduce Hesiod as a character narrator Helikon Mountain in Greece First line of theogony from the helikonian muses let us begin to sing Chaos chase empty space Binatural god Gaia Ge Creates Ouranos Mountains and sea Mates with Ouranos to mother
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