STUDY GUIDE EXAM 2Atrahasis- Babylonian flood myth (1700 BCE); name means “Extra-Wise”; Ellil- King of gods; sends drought and famine and flood to wipe out the peopleBelet-ili/Nintu/Mami- Mother goddess; adds Ilawela’s flesh and intelligence to clay and creates 7 males and 7 female human beingsIlawela- “God who has sense” offers himself as sacrifice and is killedIshtar- Goddess of Love and WarShuruppak- An ancient city destroyed by the flood during the leadership of Utnapishtim Ea- Tells Utnapishtim to build a boat and take people, gold and animals with himlahmu-creatures-Bolt of heavensCoracle- A small round boat made of wickerwork covered with a watertight material Epic of Gilgamesh-The world’s oldest literary masterpiece; About the king of Uruk; made up of several adventures and themes of friendship, fear of death and ambitionUtnapishtim-A king and priest of Shurrupak whose name translates as “he who saw life.” By the god Ea’s command, Utnapishtim survived the great deluge that almost destroyed all life on Earth by building a boat that carried him (animals, family, people, gold) to safety. The gods granted him and his wife eternal life. imhullu-wind- Evil wind; also used in the Enuma ElishMt. Nimush- the boat lodged onto Mount Nimush, holding it for several days. Erra- The plague god; sleeps with Nintu/MamiNoah- survived the flood and built the arkYahweh- sender/warner of the floodMt. Ararat- Noah’s ark landed here and Utnapishtim’s home was located hereBerit- An agreement (convenant) Anansi-West African trickster; liminal figureLiminal- Means between categories; between gods and humansAkan-Group in West Africa that tell stories of Anansi Kweku/Kwaku Anansi- Day name; means “Born on Wednesday”Onyame/Nyame- The ruler of Gods Ananse Kokuroko- the Great SpiderTrickster- Anansi is known to be a trickster and a spidershape-shifting- being able to put on a disguise or being able to rearrange the bodyamoral- not good or evil; does good things and bad thingsMmoboro- The Hornets; Anansi said it was raining and told them to get into jar and once they fell for it he sealed the jarOnini- The Python; Anansi tricked the Python and tied him to a branchOsebo-the Leopard; Anansi made a hole in the ground so that the leopard would fall into it; once he fell into it Anansi helped him get out by using his web; captured the leopard once he got outAnansesem- “stones” or “folk tales”Okyeami- Symbol of linguistsBaduasemanpensa- Name of Nyame’s daughter, it was a secretLizard- Knows the name of Nyame’s daughter and reveals it; marries heratumpan drum- talking drum that Anansi takes pride in Owoh- The snake that Anansi borrows money from; he kills the snake after framing him for theft Iapetos- A Titan; lover of Clymene; Father of Atlas, Prometheus, Epimetheus, MenoitiosClymene- Lover of Iapetos; Mother of Atlas, Prometheus, Epimetheus, MenoitiosAtlas- Skyholder; forced to hold up the heavens and EarthPrometheus- Trickster god; steals from Zeus to give to the humans; eventually freed by Hercules after being chainedEpimetheus- Misguided; received Pandora as gift from HermesZeus- Father of Gods and men; rules over the Olympians of Mount Olympus; oppressor and tyrantHephaistos- Mixes earth with water and clay to create Pandorafennel stalk- Used to conceal fire as Prometheus steals it from Zeus for humansAthena- Made Pandora clothes and taught her crafts; daughter of Zeus Hesiod- A greek poet who lived around 700 BCE; writer of Pandora’s boxWorks and Days- Instructional poem of farming and how to live a just lifeTheogony- Epic of creation; birth of Greek godsGolden Age- First period of man when everything was simple and easy; mortals lived like GodsPandora- means “all gift” created as a curse for mankind; ends Golden Race Hermes- gave a shameless mind to PandoraPithos- a large storage jar; Pandora’s boxPyxis- “Box” in Greek; container used for toiletriesMyth of the Races- Traces the lineage of mankind through 5 successive ages or “races”Golden Race- No work; Live like the Gods; die by falling asleepSilver Race- Stay children forever; generation of man created inferior in appearance and wisdomBronze Race- Strong men; Zeus created men from ash trees; warlike men; homes and armor were made of bronzeRace of Heroes- Men of this age were more heroic than their successors and predecessorsIron Race- Present time; all manner of evils came together; Zeus is supposed to destroy this ageAeschylus- Great Athenian tragedian; wrote Prometheus BoundPrometheus Bound- A myth believed to be written by Aeschylus; telling a story of the punishment of Prometheus stealing fire from Zeus and keeping Zeus from destroyed mankindCaucasus Mountains- Pillars supporting the world; Prometheus was chained here as punishment; liver was eaten by an eagleMight- Zeus’ servant; takes Prometheus to the mountainViolence Zeus’ servant; takes Prometheus to the mountainNarthex- another name for the fennel stalk Prometheus used to steal fire from ZeusOkeanos- Greek Titan; warns Prometheus to be more cautiousMoirai- The Fates; incarnations of destiny; controlled metaphoric thread of life of every mortal from birth to deathClotho- The Spinner; made wool or stringLachesis- Measured the length of fiberAtropos- Not turning away; goddess of deathIo- Hera’s priestess; Zeus turns her into a cow; tormented by Hera; gives birth to HeraclesHera- Zeus’s wife; sends Arogos to guard Io and then sends gadfly to haunt IoArgos- guards Io with 10,000 eyes and then is killed by Hermes; ghost haunts Io Tlingit- Collected in the 19th century; originiated in 1300 CENass River- Raven wants to steal light and the man that has it lives on the Nass RiverRaven- Raven is a trickster; Raven eats animals (bait); there is a lot of shape-shifting and disguise associated with Raventotem pole- Wooden objects marking distinction; they tell a storyKit-ka’ositiyi-qa- father of RavenPetrel- Water master, has all the water in the world; also known as the seabird smoke hole- The hole through which Raven escapes from after stealing King Salmon-Raven holds carved tool and tells him to come ashore and ends up eating himBear- he knows where to fish and then kills himDeer- walks across light, kills him and then Raven eats itMink- Let’s Raven know that the tide is being lowered as Raven tortures woman; Mink is made to eat urchinsKlamath- Tellers of the Coyote tale; tribes of OregonCoyote- Amoral, shape-shifting; challenges
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