CLT3378 07 Ancient Mythology East and West Spring 2014 Introduction to Myth god Powerful and important being hero Someone a god takes interest in trickster amoral shape shifting deceivers creation myth how the universe came into being succession myth how one god becomes king of the gods combat myth how a god hero battles a monstrous enemy divine council myth how one or more gods come to discuss the fate of another apocalyptic myth gods level destruction because humans angered them flood myth one god sends a flood to destroy humans heroic quest myth how a hero makes a journey to gain experiences and achieve fame katabasis myth how a hero goes to hell and back trickster myth how tricksters transform the world around them polytheism belief and worship of multiple gods anthropomorphism gods take the form of humans binaturalism space concept thing god syncretism adaptation of beliefs into another culture Zeus Jupiter sphere of influence areas in which gods are associated with primordial waters waters that exist before the seas Ancient Near East Mesopotamia Canaan Israel Turkey Egypt Enuma Elish Babylonian creation epic When on high rise of Marduk Mesopotamia land between Tigris and Euphrates Tigris River Euphrates River Sumerians earliest human civilization with unique language Akkadians spoke Arabic influenced by Sumerians Assyrians Babylonians Assyrians conquered the Babylonians Babylonians big capital conquered by everyone Enuma Elish Babylonian creation epic When on high rise of Marduk Marduk 5th generation god had bow and arrow and defeated Tiamat becomes king of the gods gets 4 winds from ANU kills TIAMANT cuneiform wedge shaped writing on clay tablets Apsu binaturual fresh water god plots to kill all the gods killed by EA Tiamat disturbed by winds creates 11 monsters killed by MARDUK Lahmu male spawn of APSU and TIAMANT serpent Lahamu male spawn of APSU and TIAMANT serpent Anshar father of ANU sky god brother husband of KISHAR Kishar brother of ANSHAR Anu sky god gives 4 winds to marduk binatural son of ANSHAR father of EA Ea Enki Nuddimud clever wisdom trickster kills APSU captures MUMMU Mummu APSU S vizier incites to destroy the gods captured by EA Damkina Marduk s human mom Qingu Kingu Tiamat s vizier leader of TIAMAT S army body used to create humans when killed Kakka Gaga vizier of ANSHAR Tablet of Destinies controls gods powers Background Reading 1 Semitic spoke a language related to Hebrew Amorites Babylonians spoke akkadian Babylon capital city of Amorites Hammurapi issued a code of laws in 1750 ziggurat stepped pyramids made from bricks that were found in most cities used for worship Baal Cycle group of poems about Baal Baal vs Yam Palace of Baal Baal vs Mot Death Akitu Babylonian New Year Festival Baal Cycle Ugarit Canaanite ruled by Niqmaddu II Canaan region in middle east Canaanite resident of Canaan El creator god mountain old Baal storm god fertility god Hadad Means thundered for Baal Dagon Baal s father means grain Zaphon Mountain where gods live Asherah Mother of gods wife of EL Anat sister of Baal cf Artimis hunting war virgin goddess Kothar wa Hasis craftsman god cf Hephaestus Shapash sun goddess linked to both life and death Attanu Purlianni chief priest at temple of Baal Ilimilku scribe who might have wrote the baal cycle Niqmaddu II king in power at time of its creation Yam sea serpent feared by all killed by BAAL Mot death lives in underworld kills BAAL S clone killed later by BAAL Background Reading 2 Ras Shamra Cape Fennel where the city of Ugarit found clay tablets there Illuyanka Myths and Kumarbi Cycle Hittites Indo European people Hattians indigenous pre Hittite people Hurrians people of northern Syria Mitanni Hattusas Hittite capital city Hattian Hittite Storm God unknown name cf Tessub Illuyanka Hattian for serpent Purulli festival in spring Illuyanka myths told there Inara daughter of storm god huntress prepares feast Hupasiya sleeps with Inara Kumarbi Cycle Hurrian works about Kumarbi Kumarbi Hurrian god with the underworld Alalu King of gods father of Kumarbi Tessub Storm god born from good place over throws Kumarbi Song of Kumarbi Alulu Anu Kumarbi Kumarbi swallows Anu genitals pregnant Tessub born fucker Song of Ullikummi Kumarbi mates with rock makes Ullikummi Tasmisu Tessub s brother Ullikummi stone child battles Tessub grows and annoys Ubelurri Irsirra deities raises Ullikummi for Kumarbi Ellil Shows up around Irsirra Ubelurri Atlas holds up world lets Ullikummi grow on his shoulder Istanu Sun god tells Tessub of Ullikummi Sauska Tessub s sister attempts to seduce Ullikummi FAILS Ishtar like Sauska Kumiya Tessub s city in heaven Hebat sun goddess Tessub s wife almost falls off roof Apzuwa Apsu in Ullikummi knows Ea Background Reading 3 Mursilis I Hittite kings orderered raid on Babylon Hattusilis I Founded Hittusilis Indo European language originating in or around Europe Mitanni Hurrian Empire expanded rapidly influenced many cultures Genesis 1st book of the bible bereshith in the beginning Creation in Genesis Israelites Hebrews Jews elohim title for god Yahweh lord adonay lord monolatrism belief in multiple gods but worship of one monotheism belief and worship in one god Leviathan serpent Rahab woman who was a prostitute bereshith in the beginning first few words of Genesis JEDP Theory discrepancies different sources shemesh sun yareah moon tehom deep geocentric earth created first anthropocentric focused on animals Tree of Knowledge eat it to become like gods Tree of Life immortality cosmocentric light sky earth sea plants sun moon stars animals humans itsavon pain toil god gives Adam toiling in soil and eve childbirth Serpent amoral trickster that convinces eve to eat fruit adam Adam adamah dirt soil Adam 1st dude Eve 1st lady Background Reading 4 Tanakh Jewish Bible Israelite Jews Solomon king Creation in Hesiod s Theogony Hesiod Greek poet Theogony birth of gods proem a preface or preamble Babylonian Exile Israelites transformed theology from monolatry to monotheism Cyrus the Great conquered Babylon JEDP Theory contradictions are different sources Muses goddesses of arts 9 daughters of Zeus and Mnemosyne follow Apollo Helicon has springs sacred to the muses where Hesiod learned his stories Chaos chasm empty space binatural 1 4 Gaia Ge earth binatural 2 4 Tartaros underworld prison binatural 3 4 Eros sexual desire binartural w concept 4 4 for theology Erebos region of the underworld house of Hades brother of night son of Chaos makes
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