3 DRI s apply to which population of people Explain the components of the DRI EAR RDA AI UL EER AMDR Study Guide for Final Exam Test 4 Chapter 1 1 What is nutrition Why is it important 2 Explain the different types of nutrients a organic vs inorganic b macronutrient vs micronutrient c d energy yielding nutrients kcal g for each fat soluble vs water soluble vitamins Chapter 2 1 What are the useful tools for designing a healthful diet 2 Define nutrient density 3 What are the recommendations of the Dietary Guidelines for Americans and MyPlate 4 What is a chronic disease 1 How to evaluate if a person s body weight is healthful 2 What are the components of energy expenditure Chapter 13 Chapter 13 5 1 Know the different eating disorders Chapter 4 5 7 alcohol 1 What are the problems associated with alcohol abuse 2 What are the steps in alcohol oxidation What does ADH alcohol dehydrogenase do 3 Define moderate alcohol consumption 4 Define Metabolic Tolerance Functional Tolerance Chapter 3 1 Define hunger Define appetite What is the difference between the two 2 How do hormones regulate appetite 3 What does CCK cholecystokinin do 4 List the accessory organs of digestion 5 Define absorption digestion elimination and segmentation 6 What are the differences between the 4 types of absorption Chapter 4 1 The smallest molecules that make up carbohydrates are called 2 Where does carbohydrate digestion occur and what enzymes are involved 3 What type of diet causes ketosis 4 Define hyperglycemia hypoglycemia 5 What dose insulin do What does glucagon do 6 What are the differences between type I and type II diabetes Chapter 5 1 Name some foods sources of saturated fats polyunsaturated fats monounsaturated fats and trans fats 2 Trans fats are not good for health Why 3 Name to two essential fatty acids EFAs 4 What compound secreted during digestion emulsifies fats What organs make and store this 5 What is a phospholipid 6 What transports fats into the enterocyte during digestion What is the difference between a micelle and a chylomicron 7 What is the difference between a monoacylglyceride and a triglyceride Chapter 6 1 The smallest molecules that make up proteins are called 2 What are the essential amino acids Define limiting amino acid 3 What is complete protein 4 What are the functions of mucus in the stomach 5 What does HCl activate in the stomach 6 What compound neutralizes stomach acid What organ secretes this 7 8 Which hormone triggers the stomach to release digestive juices What is this digestive juice called 9 What is nitrogen balance 10 Define marasumus kwashiorkor and sickle cell anemia 11 Define denaturation transamination and deamination Intrinsic factor is needed to absorb which nutrient Which cells in the stomach secret this Chapter 7 1 Describe a hydrolysis reaction Describe a condensation reaction Give an example of one 2 What is the starting molecule in the TCA cycle What two compounds combine to form citrate 3 Define anabolism and catabolism 4 Aerobic environment means that pyruvate will be converted to what molecule 5 In the anaerobic environment pyruvate will be converted into what molecule 6 What is the difference between a ketogenic amino acid and a glucogenic amino acid What is their destination 1 Can glycogen released from the muscle raise your blood glucose 2 How can you restore glycogen in muscle 3 How do you determine protein requirement Chapter 14 Chapter 7 5 8 1 What is the primary role of B complex vitamins 2 Which vitamins are parts of TPP PLP NADP 3 What is ariboflavinosis 4 Pellagra is a deficiency of what nutrient What are the symptoms 5 Beriberi is a deficiency of what nutrient What are the symptoms 6 Which of the B vitamins are involved in metabolism of homocysteine 7 What is choline Is it a vitamin 8 Chromium is involved in the cellular uptake of which molecule 9 What hormones require iodine to be produced Chapter 9 1 What are the two common extracellular ions and the two common intracellular ions 2 What function does ADH have What organ secretes it 3 What function does aldosterone have What organ secretes it 4 Chloride is sourced mostly from what food product in our diet 5 Processed foods typically contain what mineral to help preserve it 6 What is Hypokalemia Hyperkalemia Hyponatremia Hypernatrimia 7 Where is phosphorus stored What can enhance the absorption of phosphorus 8 What populations are most likely to become easily dehydrated 9 Is the major cause of hypertension known What is it 1 How are free radicals formed How do antioxidants stabilize free radicals a What are the 4 main antioxidant micronutrients b What are some examples of enzyme systems involved in this process Chapter 10 c Which food groups provide the majority of antioxidants in the diet 2 What are the functions of vitamin E a Where is it stored b What function does it have in the cellular membrane c In what forms is Vitamin E present in food 3 What are some major functions of Vitamin C a How does vitamin C influence Vitamin E b What are toxicity and deficiency symptoms for vitamin C c What circumstances increase your need for vitamin C d What is collagen 4 Vitamin A has precursor what is this called a What process helps increase beta carotene bioavailability in food b What biological functions is Vitamin A involved in 5 What does glutathione peroxidase require as a cofactor a What does this enzyme system do Chapter 11 1 Explain the components of bone a Include both trabecular bone and compact bone and characteristics of each 2 Explain the different processes involved in bone development a Bone growth bone modeling bone remodeling b What cells are involved in these processes and what is their function is compromised 6 Know what factors influence magnesium absorption both increasing and decreasing 7 Know what fluorosis is and what happens to teeth in the condition 8 What are the possible skeletal health issues associated with Vitamin D deficiency a How is vitamin D produced b What are some food sources of Vitamin D 9 Define osteoporosis what are its characteristics risk factors and treatments 1 What are the components of blood a What do each of the components of blood do 2 Describe the process of Iron and Vitamin B12 absorption Chapter 12 a What are food sources of Vitamin B12 b What are food sources of Iron heme non heme c What digestive conditions cause greater absorption of iron d What are the storage 2 and transport 1 molecules for iron 3 How is zinc absorbed and transported 4 Describe
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