Eating DisordersAnorexia nervosaTrying to achieve a body weight less than 85% of ideal body weightSee themselves as fatHard to treatBulimia nervosaBinge and purgePurging includes self-induced vomiting, extreme exercise, restricted eatingMust occur at least 3 times a week for at least 3 weeksSubjective binge eatingFeel like you binged (compared to what you normally eat) but may not necessarily be a bingeEating disorders not otherwise specified (EDNOS)Binge eating disorderNewer category, one of the top eating disordersThere’s a binge but no purgePeople can be over-healthyMedical ComplicationsDehydrationFearful of drinking water because it makes me heavyPurge too muchElectrolyte, vitamin and mineral imbalancesOsteopenia, osteoporosisGynecological, GI problemsHeart damage, heart failureCo-morbid conditionsOCD, anxiety, depression, perfectionist tendency, other personality disordersPrecipitating FactorsMediaPeersParents or other family membersGenetic predispositionTraumaVerbal, physical, emotional, or sexualLow self-esteemNegative body imageHow you see yourselfWarning Signs And ConsequencesImpaired functionExcessive sleeping, complaining about aches and painsSocial isolationDon’t want to go out because they might have to eat and won’t be ableto purgeHave ritualistic behaviors they won’t be able to do around othersAvoiding supportive peopleShame-basedHyper-focus on weight, food choices, body shape and size, and comparison to othersDigestion And AbsorptionWhat Happens To The Food We EatFood undergoes three processesDigestionLarge food molecules are broken down to smaller molecules, mechanically and chemicallyAbsorptionProcess of taking these products through the intestinal wallEliminationUndigested portions of food and waste products are removed from the bodyGastrointestinal TractGastrointestinal tractA series of organs arranged in a long tube that work together to process foodsSphinctersMuscles that control the passage of food material from one organ to the nextLumenCavity or hollow channel in any organ or structure of the bodyInside of the gastrointestinal tractDigestive systemDigestive tract and the auxiliary organs (liver, pancreas, and gallbladder)Auxiliary organs assist in digestionThe LiverLargest organ in the bodyProduces bileInvolved in the emulsification of fatThe mixing of fat with waterDetoxifies harmful substancesHelps metabolizeCarbohydratesLipidsProteinsMicronutrientsStores vitaminsManufactures blood proteinsReleases glucose from glycogen storesThe GallbladderA pear-shaped sac that stores and concentrates bile from the liverThe stimulus is fat in the small intestineThe PancreasSecretes digestive enzymesReleases hormones, such as insulin and glucagonBicarbonate (basic chemical) is secreted to neutralize chyme (acidic chemical)Keeps it from eating up the small intestine (no thick mucus wall in the intestine like in the stomach)ChymeThe bolus (ball of chewed up food) becomes chyme in the stomachA mixture of the bolus with the digestive secretions of the stomachMore liquidy than the bolusHCl in the stomach (very strong acid) gives chyme is acidic propertiesThe sphincter before the intestine only allows a small amount of chymeto be released into the small intestine at a timeDigestion Begins In The MouthCephalic phase of digestionHunger and appetite work together to prepare the GI tract for digestionFirst thought of food (nervous system) stimulates the release of digestive juicesChewing moistens the food with mucus and mechanically breaks it into smaller piecesSaliva contains digestive juices and certain enzymes secreted by the salivary glands in the mouthSalivary glands produce amylaseEnzymeInduce chemical changes in other substances to speed up bodily processesTaste receptorsDetect distinct tastesBitter, sweet, salty, sour, umamiOlfactory receptorsDetect aromas of foodUpper esophageal sphincterAntibodies and lysozymes fight oral bacteriaThe bolus travels to the stomach through the esophagusMass of chewed and moistened food in the mouthThe epiglottis covers the opening to the trachea for food to pass down the esophagusDigestion In The StomachFood is moved through the esophagus to the stomach by peristalsisPeristalsisContinuing rippling movement to move the bolus down the esophagus toward the stomachNo digestion occurs in the esophagusMechanical digestion occurs when peristaltic waves mix contents of stomachGastric juice is secreted by stomach (hydrochloric acid)Pepsin initiates protein digestionGastric lipase initiated lipid digestionSmall amounts of water, some minerals, drugs, and alcohol absorbedGastro-esophageal sphincterControls the flow of the bolus into the stomachCloses after the bolus enters the stomach to prevent acid refluxGERDGastro-esophageal reflux diseasePyloric sphincterSphincter at the bottom of the stomach that controls the flow of acidic chyme into the small intestineThe pancreas releases bicarbonate into the small intestine to reduce the acidity of chymeActs as a bufferA small amount of absorption can take place in the stomachMost Digestion And Absorption Takes Place In The Small IntestineBile (produced in the liver) from the gallbladder emulsifies fat to aid digestionPancreatic lipase digests fatPancreatic amylase digests carbohydratesProteases digest proteinBicarbonate secreted by the pancreas neutralizes acidic chyme from the stomach into the small intestineThe small intestine has 3 partsDuodenum (upper part)Jejunum (middle part)Ileum (lower part)Leads to the colon (large intestine)The ileocecal valve (sphincter) connects the small intestine to the large intestineDigestion In The Large Intestine (Colon)Has 3 segmentsAscending colon (part of the colon that gown up)Traverse colon (part of the colon that goes across)Descending colon (part of the colon that goes down to the anus)The function of the colon is to store undigested food material and absorb water, short-chain fatty acids, and electrolytesElectrolytesCharged ions able to transmit electrical impulses (nerve impulses and muscular contractions)Become charged by dissociating in waterColonic bacteria assists with final digestionIntestinal bacteria digest and remaining food articlesWater and chemicals are absorbed into the blood streamNon-digestible matter forms feces, which are excreted through the rectumWasteAfter the colonRectum, anal canal, anusMuscles Of The GI TractMuscles of the GI tract mix food and ensure efficient digestion and absorption of nutrientsPeristalsisContinuous, rippling
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