HUN 1201 Study Guide Exam 1 Chapters 1 2 13 In depth Disordered Eating and Alcohol including some of Alcohol metabolism in Chapter 7 1 What does nutrition study Nutrition is the study of the plants and animals we eat and how they nourish the body create energy deliver nutrients and influence an individual s health The food process within the body is as follows Ingestion Digestion Absorption Transport Metabolism Excretion 2 What is a Registered Dietitian A Registered Dietitian or RD is essentially a professional nutritionist that has obtained a MS masters or PhD doctoral in nutrition RDs are also classified as a physician that has meet the license requirements for their state 3 How do macronutrients differ from micronutrients Macronutrients include carbohydrates lipids fats and proteins These nutrients provide energy to the body Micronutrients do not provide energy but rather aid in the release of energy These nutrients include vitamins minerals and water 4 List the 6 essential nutrients in life 1 carbohydrates acts as the body s fuel specifically with exercise and neurological processes 2 lipids fats water insoluble stored as fat energy for times of rest ex triglycerides phospholipids 3 proteins found in meat nuts and beans supports growth and maintenance of body 4 vitamins builds and maintains bones tissue immune system and vision small amounts required 5 minerals regulates fluid and energy production needed for bone and blood health 6 water transports nutrients regulates nerves body temp muscle contractions and excretion 5 Compare the chemical composition of protein carbohydrates and fats a Carbohydrates C H O b Fats C H O c Protein C H O N some contain S 6 Why is alcohol not a nutrient Alcohol is not a nutrients because it is a toxic drug that does not aid in the regulation of normal bodily functions nor does it restore tissue 7 Calculate the total kilocalories in a meal containing 20g of carbohydrates 10g of protein and 5g of fat Show work no calculator Protein Carbs Fat Total 4 kcal per gram 4 kcal per gram 9 kcal per gram 4 x 10 4 x 20 9 x 5 40 kcal 80 kcal 45 kcal 165 kcal 8 Define and list the water soluble and fat soluble vitamins a Water soluble C B excess excreted in urine b Fat soluble A D E K stored in the human body 9 Describe the difference between a primary nutrient deficiency and a secondary nutrient deficiency A primary nutrient deficiency results directly from an poor dietary intake A secondary nutrient deficiency results from too little absorption of a nutrient For example when someone doesn t absorb the necessary amount of a nutrient or when too much of the needed nutrient is excreted from the body This results in the nutrient not being used the way it was intended 10 What is the difference between covert and overt symptoms Both covert and over symptoms are symptoms of nutrition deficiency A covert symptom is one that is associated with subclinical deficiency or the early stages of deficiency where few symptoms can be seen Covert symptoms are unseen symptoms that need to be discovered and studied in a laboratory or revealed through invasive procedures Overt symptoms of nutrition deficiency are ones that are visibly and easily observed 11 What is the AMDR for each of the macronutrients AMDR Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range percentage ranges needed to deliver sufficient amounts of energy and nutrients to the body Protein 10 35 Fat 20 35 Carbohydrate 45 65 12 Define the following terms DRI Dietary Reference Intake Dietary standards needed to be considered healthy EAR Estimated Average Requirement RDA Recommended Dietary Allowances AI Adequate Intakes UL Tolerable Upper Intake Level EER Estimated Energy Requirement AMDR Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range 13 What are the four characteristics of a healthy diet 1 Adequate provides enough energy and nutrients to preserve one s health 2 Moderate balanced amount of food not too much or too little of one thing 3 Balanced incorporating combinations of food to obtain essential nutrients 4 Varied a variety of foods from different food groups 14 Define malnutrition What are two examples of malnutrition Malnutrition is the lack of a moderate diet see above question Overnutrition is when someone eats too much of a food nutrient and they become obese or develop heart disease or nutrient toxicity Undernutriton is when someone eats too little of a food nutrient and weight loss occurs or a nutrient deficiency disease develops 15 Name the 4 tools that dietitians often use to assess dietary intake List at least one limitation to each of these tools 1 Diet history weight eating patterns behaviors education economic status living exercise meds 2 24 hour dietary recall recording of serving sizes prep brands of last 24 hours 3 Food frequency questionnaire qualitative information and pattern of eating over time 4 Diet records accurate and detailed list of all foods drinks consumed over 3 to 7 days 16 What are the five components FDA requires on all food labels 1 A statement of identity 2 Net contents of the package 3 4 Manufacturer s name and address 5 Nutrition information Nutrition Facts Panel Ingredients list 17 The nutrition facts panel assumes people eat a 2000 calorie diet greater than 20 18 Define High DV 19 Define Low DV less than 5 20 What is the minimum recommended daily amount of physical activity according to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans The Dietary Guidelines for Americans or DGA provides basic information on maintaining and healthy diet and lifestyle and is updated every 5 years The DGA encouraged people to lower the number of calories they consume and to increase the amount of time they engage in physical activity They recommend 30 minutes of moderate exercise per day at minimum In order to loss weight or maintain a current weight they recommend 60 to 90 minutes a day 21 List a few general sources of saturated fat and unsaturated fat How much saturated fat should be consumed in a day The DGA recommends that less than 10 of and individuals daily calories should be from saturated fat Trans fats should practically never be consumed or consumed in very small amounts Fats in general should account for 20 35 of ones total daily calorie intake 22 Name 3 tools that can be used to design a healthful diet 1 Food labels 2 Dietary Guidelines for Americans DGA 3 MyPlate replaced MyPyramid 23 What are the food groups represented in MyPlate MyPyramid 1 Grains 2 Vegetables 3 Fruits 4 Oils 5 Milk Dairy 6 Meat
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