Ancient Mythology East and West CLT3378 Exam 2 Terms list Pandora Pandora first woman on Earth used as a punishment on men because Prometheus stole fire from Zeus and gave it to men she was created by Hephaestus and given certain gifts like beauty and deceit from several other gods she was sent to Epimetheus by Zeus where she opened her jar and released evils upon the world forever burdening men Works and Days written by the Greek Hesiod it is a didactic moral collection a farmer s almanac and a folk wisdom which tells the lucky and unlucky days on the calendar doesn t explain how men are created it just tells how women are created to punish men has an anti women view contains story of Pandora Didactic means teaching or instructive Hesiod s Works and Days is didactic by teaching moral lessons Misogynistic an anti female view held by the Greeks explains the view of Pandora Hephaistos Hephaestus the blacksmith or creator god he creates Pandora the first woman from clay and water on Zeus orders Epimetheus false etymology means afterthought he is Prometheus brother Prometheus warned him not to accept any gifts from Zeus because it may be evil however when Hermes brings Pandora to Epimetheus on Zeus orders Epimetheus accepts the gift and Pandora opens the jar releasing all the evils onto the world Pyxis Greek for box how we get box from Pandora s jar which is pithos probably a mistranslation Pithos Greek for jar Pandora s jar life size and decorated made of clay Hope she is a binatural goddess trapped in the jar because Pandora closes the lid before she can escape no one knows if she is good or evil does Hesiod mean the absence of Hope or the presence of Hope kalon kakon What Hesiod calls women in the Theogony it means a beautiful evil Myth of the Races Hesiod uses this to explain why life is hard in Works and Days he also uses the Pandora story but these two explanations are juxtaposed or given back to back it describes the devolution of people over time unlike in the Pandora myth where women are created after men women and men are created at the same time in the Golden Race Race of Heroes follows the Bronze Race but it comes before the current Iron Age there is no devolution here from the Bronze Race it doesn t really fit into the Myth of the Races because the Myth of the races is a Near East idea which was transposed onto the Greeks the Greeks actually believe that these heroes existed so it doesn t really fit as a myth Prometheus Titans the children of Gaia and Ouranos Prometheus is son of one of the Titans Iapetos Iapetos one of the titans child of Gaia and Ouranos he is the father to Prometheus Gaia Goddess of Earth Mother Nature goddess of fertility she is the mother to the Titans so she is Prometheus grandmother Ouranos Sky god father to the Titans grandfather to Prometheus Atlas Prometheus brother he is punished in some way by Zeus for some reason he is given the job of supporting the sky so that it doesn t fall down onto Earth Menoitios one of Prometheus brothers punished by Zeus for doing something like the rest of his brothers he is thrown into Tartaros by Zeus Mecone city where the gods and men have a feast they decide to divide up the Ox between gods and men and let Prometheus do the dividing Prometheus wraps the bones in fat so that it looks good and wraps the good meat in the ox s stomach so it looks bad Zeus chooses the bones in the fat Zeus is mad because of the trick so he does not give men fire which he was contemplating doing Hesiod still says Zeus was not fooled and that he knew what he was doing but that s probably just because Hesiod praises Zeus through the whole Theogony Sicyon another name for Mecone Fennel stalk after Prometheus trick of the ox meat Zeus decides o not give men fire Prometheus uses a fennel stalk and lights the pith on fire gives it to men uses the fennel stalk to steal fire there is no reason why Prometheus does it he is just a trickster but also a cultural hero Zeus has Pandora created to punish men because of Prometheus Aeschylus Greek author he tells an alternative to Hesiod s Prometheus tale his story involves Prometheus being punished for staling fire by being tied up and having an eagle repeatedly eat his liver Prometheus Bound written by Aeschylus Prometheus is a cultural hero who stole fire here Zeus is a tyrant ruler and Prometheus is actually older than him and Prometheus is a titan rather than the son of the titans Prometheus is punished for stealing fire and for not telling Zeus about a certain fate that he knows the fate involves the son of Thetis being stronger that the father Prometheus is tied to a pillar and an eagle eats his liver every day the liver grows back because Prometheus is a malleable trickster culture hero Prometheus is a culture hero because he gives fire to men tricksters are often cultural heroes Enki Ea trickster god who creates humans in the Enuma Elish and Atrahasis cultural hero Metis goddess who Zeus is interested in before their child grows from his head Typhoios Typhon A dragon that Zeus battles he takes Zeus ligaments and locks him in a cave guarded by a dragoness Hermes rescues Zeus and gives him his ligaments back Zeus beats Typhon Metallurgy tools used to craft metal Prometheus gift of fire allows men to practice this skill Prometheus Unbound a fragmentary play by Aeschylus it follows Prometheus Bound here Prometheus is released Zeus henchmen Kratos and Bia order Hephaestu to chain Prometheus to a cliff then the Okeanids arrive who are daughters of Okeanos the river they provide the chorus Okeanos then comes and he is a sympathizer to Zeus Prometheus relates himself to Atlas and Typhon who have both been persecuted by Zeus Aeschylus has Zeus seem like an evil tyrant Io has also been persecuted by Zeus because she has been turned into a cow to be hidden from Hera and chased around by a gadfly at the end of the play Hermes is screaming at Prometheus to tell Zeus about the fate that he knows Kratos Zeus henchmen partners with Bia he is power he orders Hephaestus to chain Prometheus to a cliff Bia Zeus henchmen partners with Kratos he is force orders Hephaestus to chain Prometheus to a cliff Okeanids the daughters of Okeanos arrive at the scene where Prometheus is being chained to the cliff they offer the chorus to the play Prometheus unbound Okeanos the God of the great sea he is a Zeus sympathizer and he comes to the scene of Prometheus being chained to the cliff his daughters provide the chorus Io
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