Final Exam Review Sheet Titles and Cultures The Epic of Gilgamesh Babylonian The Tale of Buluqiya from The Thousand and One Nights Arabian The Story of Sidi Nouman from The Thousand and One Nights Arabian The Story of Nadilla Arabian The Iliad Homer Greek Beowulf Anglo Saxon The Prose Edda Snorri Sturluson Norse Scandinavian The Protestation of Guiltlessness Egyptian Isis and Osiris Plutarch Egyptian or Greek an Egyptian work by a Greek author Nergal and Ereshkigal Babylonian Descent of Ishtar to the Underworld Babylonian The Odyssey Homer Greek Review Terms Gilgamesh King of Uruk the strongest of men and the personification of all human virtues A brave warrior fair judge and ambitious builder Gilgamesh surrounds the city of Uruk with magnificent walls and erects its glorious ziggurats or temple towers Two thirds god and one third mortal Gilgamesh is undone by grief when his beloved companion Enkidu dies and by despair at the prospect of his own extinction He travels to the ends of the Earth in search of answers to the mysteries of life and death Lugalbanda Third king of Uruk after the deluge Gilgamesh is the fifth Lugulbanda is the hero of a cycle of Sumerian poems and a minor god He is a protector and is sometimes called the father of Gilgamesh Ninsun The mother of Gilgamesh also called the Lady Wildcow Ninsun She is a minor goddess noted for her wisdom Her husband is Lugulbanda Nintu Belet ili Mami The people of Uruk pray to Nintu to save them from the oppression of Gilgamesh Creates Enkidu to make Gilgamesh a better person Uruk Gilgamesh s kingdom Epic flood and plagues occur there Enkidu Companion and friend of Gilgamesh Hairy bodied and brawny Enkidu was raised by animals Even after he joins the civilized world he retains many of his undomesticated characteristics Enkidu looks much like Gilgamesh and is almost his physical equal He aspires to be Gilgamesh s rival but instead becomes his soul mate The gods punish Gilgamesh and Enkidu by giving Enkidu a slow painful inglorious death for killing the demon Humbaba and the Bull of Heaven Shamhat The temple prostitute who tames Enkidu by seducing him away from his natural state Though Shamhat s power comes from her sexuality it is associated with civilization rather than nature She represents the sensuous refinements of culture the sophisticated pleasures of lovemaking food alcohol music clothing architecture agriculture herding and ritual Humbaba The fearsome demon who guards the Cedar Forest forbidden to mortals Humbaba s seven garments produce an aura that paralyzes with fear anyone who would withstand him He is the personification of awesome natural power and menace His mouth is fire he roars like a flood and he breathes death much like an erupting volcano In his very last moments he acquires personality and pathos when he pleads cunningly for his life Shamash The sun god brother of Ishtar patron of Gilgamesh Shamash is a wise judge and lawgiver Ishtar The goddess of love and fertility as well as the goddess of war Ishtar is frequently called the Queen of Heaven Capricious and mercurial sometimes she is a nurturing mother figure and other times she is spiteful and cruel She is the patroness of Uruk where she has a temple Bull of Heaven The bull comes down from the sky bringing with him seven years of famine to punish Gilgamesh Anu s father Killed by Gilgamesh and Enkidu Mt Mashu One of the places Gilgamesh travels through on his way to see Utnapishtim It has a valley that is eternally dark and it is inhabited by a scorpion man and his wife Siduri The goddess of wine making and brewing Siduri is the veiled tavern keeper who comforts Gilgamesh and who though she knows his quest is futile helps him on his way to Utnapishtim Ur shanabi The guardian of the mysterious stone things Urshanabi pilots a small ferryboat across the Waters of Death to the Far Away place where Utnapishtim lives He loses this privilege when he accepts Gilgamesh as a passenger so he returns with him to Uruk Buluqiya Bulukiya Person who goes on a fool s quest for immortality in 1001 nights fails miserably But is saved by Jinn and taken to the Garden of Sahkr and is then returned home Shahriar Sultan was a good sultan until his wife the Sultaness commits adultery and then after that he marries a virgin sleeps with her and then kills her Shahrazad Scheherazade tells him stories he becomes humanized Shahrazad Scheherazade Hero vizier s daughter volunteers to marry Shahriar aims to stop him from murdering virgins begins to tell him a story but doesn t finish it finish it the next day and then tell another half of a story continues for 1001 nights eventually Shahrair becomes humanized and stops killing thus Shahrazad succeeded Sulaiman The prophet who holds the ring that whoever obtains it is the lord of all men in Arabian myth buried in the Isle of Seven Seas in the story of Buluqiya Affan A wise and worthy old man in the Tale of Buluqiya He guides Prince Bulluqiya to the Kingdoom of Queen Yamlika in the Arabian myth Queen Yamlika Lives in the undergroud gives Affen and Buluqiya the plant sap they need to walk on water Try to convince them not to go after the ring muttaliku Means a Wanderer Ghost that got out of the underworld Ekimmu Restless and hungry spirits one of the oldest vampire creatures Amina Wife of Sidi Nouman and magician Turned into a horse by Sidi Nouman Nadilla She was a beautiful vampire from the Tale of Nadilla who marries the mortal man Abdul Hassan Won t share a meal with him She later tries to kill her husband Sidi Nouman Main character and husband of Amina Turned into a dog by Amina Homer Greek poet author of the Iliad and The Odyssey Iliad Written by Homer epic poem about the city of Troy and the Trojan War Trojan War War between the Greeks and the Trojans Began because the prince of Troy wins Helen away from Menelaus Judgment of Paris A contest between the three most beautiful goddesses of Olympos Aphrodite Hera and Athena for the prize of a golden apple addressed to the fairest The three goddesses appearing before the shepherd prince each offering him gifts for favor Aphrodite offered him most beautiful girl Hera offered to make him King of Europe and Asia Athena offered him wisdom He chose Aphrodite swayed by her promise to bestow upon him Helene the most beautiful woman for wife The subsequent abduction of Helene led directly to the Trojan War and the fall of the city Helen Reputed to be the most beautiful woman in the ancient world
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