Alcohol Alcohol A Drink Drink Recommended in moderation No more than one drink per day for women No more than two drinks per day for men The amount of a beverage hat provides 5 fluid ounce of pure alcohol 4 5 oz wine 12 oz beer 10 oz wine cooler 1 5 oz 80 proof whiskey scotch gin or vodka Alcohol People who should avoid drinking alcohol Women who are or may become pregnant or who are breastfeeding Breastfeeding women can have a drink occasionally People with a history of alcoholism People taking medications that interact with alcohol People who are driving operating machinery or engaging in other tasks that require attention and coordination Anyone younger than the legal drinking age Benefits Of Moderate Alcohol Intake Social and health benefits dietary intake CVD Resveratrol Reduced stress enhanced confidence stimulated appetite improved Increased HDL lower LDL potentially reduced blood clots Phytochemical found in red wines and grapes May lower risk for certain chronic diseases Diabetes heart disease and liver disease Not in large enough concentrations to make a difference Concerns Of Moderate Alcohol Intake Linked to increased risk for breast cancer hypertension hemorrhagic stroke Increased Caloric intake and risk for obesity Alcohol provides 7 kcal g Potential for drug alcohol interactions Alcohol Metabolism Absorbed directly from the stomach and small intestine Transported to the liver to be metabolized Transported via the portal vein Consuming foods with some fat protein and fiber can reduce blood alcohol concentration BAC by up to 50 Alcohol Metabolism Rate of absorption depends on Presence or absence of food and type of food in the stomach Gender Males produce more alcohol dehydrogenase than females Most alcohol is oxidized in the liver Alcohol in the liver is converted to fatty acids or is metabolized for energy by ADH then ALDH Some alcohol is metabolized by stomach and liver enzymes Alcohol dehydrogenase ADH Aldehyde dehydrogenase ALDH Alcohol Metabolism to be absorbed into the bloodstream Females don t oxidize as much alcohol in their stomachs leaving more there A healthy adult metabolizes the equivalent of 1 drink per hour Excess alcohol is released back into the bloodstream Metabolic tolerance The liver becomes more efficient in its breakdown of alcohol Individuals show few signs of impairment or intoxication even with Functional tolerance high blood alcohol levels Myths About Alcohol Metabolism alcohol Physical activity such as walking around will speed up the breakdown of Muscles don t metabolize alcohol the liver does Drinking a lot of coffee will keep you from getting drunk Coffee doesn t cause alcohol to be excreted in the urine Using a sauna or steam room will force the alcohol out of your body Very little alcohol is lost in sweat the alcohol will remain in your Herbal and nutritional products are available that speed up the breakdown of There is no scientific evidence that commercial supplements will increase the rate of alcohol metabolism they will not lower blood alcohol levels harm to one s health functioning or relationships A pattern of alcoholic consumption resulting in distress danger or Both chronic and occasional alcohol abuse can lead to alcoholism Binge drinking Consuming 5 or more alcoholic drinks on one occasion men or 5 or bloodstream alcohol Alcohol Abuse Alcohol abuse more women Alcohol Abuse Alcoholism Symptoms A disease characterized by chronic alcohol dependence Craving Loss of control Physical dependence Tolerance Narcotic effect Toxicity risk Alcohol acts as a sedative and depressant High concentrations destroy cells Mortality risks from trauma and accidents Alcohol Hangover Lasts up to 24 hours Symptoms sensitivity mood disturbances Consequences Alcohol Abuse Reduced brain function structure and function Alcohol poisoning Headache fatigue nausea vomiting extreme thirst light sound irritation inflammation metabolic disturbances biological disturbances Fluid electrolyte imbalance stomach and gastric Even low intakes impair reasoning and judgment Teens young adults Chronic excessive consumption can permanently damage brain Serious metabolic response to very high intakes Reduces oxygen level reaching the brain Can result in death from respiratory or cardiac failure Effects Of Blood Alcohol Concentration On Brain Activity Feelings of relaxation euphoria relief Impaired judgment fine motor control and coordination loss of normal emotional control legally drunk in many states at the upper end of the range drunk in all states slurred speech Impaired reflexes and gross motor control staggered gait legally Impaired vision unpredictable behavior further loss of muscle control Total loss of coordination stupor 4 and above Loss of consciousness coma suppression of respiratory response 02 05 06 1 11 15 16 2 21 35 death Alcohol Abuse Reduced liver function Fatty liver Alcoholic hepatitis Cirrhosis of the liver Increased risk for chronic diseases Loss of calcium impacts bone health Pancreatic injury and diabetes Cancer Mouth throat esophagus stomach liver colon breast Fetal Alcohol Syndrome Alcohol harms fetal development The more alcohol a mother consumes the greater the danger FAS Causes malformations of developing fetus s face limbs heart and nervous system Child will suffer from emotional social learning and developmental disabilities Effects are permanent Metabolism Metabolism Catabolism Anabolism The Human Body Reactions that breakdown compounds into small units Releases energy Reactions that build complex molecules from smaller ones Uses energy An amazingly complex life form of humble beginnings Chemical level Atoms combine to form molecules such as protein carbohydrate lipis DNA or RNA Cell level which make up cells Tissue level Organ level mall intestine Organ system level Molecules from organelles such as the nucleus and mitochondria Similar cells and surrounding materials make up tissues Different tissues combine to form organs such as the stomach and Organs such as the stomach and intestines make up an organ system in this case the gastrointestinal system 11 organ systems in the body Organism level Organ systems make up an organism Atoms The smallest bits of matter the building blocks of matter Parts of the atom Contain three kinds of subatomic particles Protons neutrons electrons Protons and neutrons make up the nucleus Electrons move around the nucleus Charge is the basis of electricity the charges on electrons and proteins Lightning
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