Eating Disorders Anorexia nervosa Bulimia nervosa Binge and purge restricted eating Trying to achieve a body weight less than 85 of ideal body weight See themselves as fat Hard to treat Purging includes self induced vomiting extreme exercise Must occur at least 3 times a week for at least 3 weeks Subjective binge eating Feel like you binged compared to what you normally eat but may not necessarily be a binge Eating disorders not otherwise specified EDNOS Binge eating disorder Newer category one of the top eating disorders There s a binge but no purge People can be over healthy Medical Complications Dehydration Fearful of drinking water because it makes me heavy Purge too much Electrolyte vitamin and mineral imbalances Osteopenia osteoporosis Gynecological GI problems Heart damage heart failure Co morbid conditions OCD anxiety depression perfectionist tendency other personality disorders Precipitating Factors Media Peers Parents or other family members Genetic predisposition Trauma Verbal physical emotional or sexual Low self esteem Negative body image How you see yourself Warning Signs And Consequences Impaired function Social isolation Excessive sleeping complaining about aches and pains Don t want to go out because they might have to eat and won t be able Have ritualistic behaviors they won t be able to do around others to purge others Avoiding supportive people Shame based Hyper focus on weight food choices body shape and size and comparison to mechanically and chemically Large food molecules are broken down to smaller molecules Process of taking these products through the intestinal wall Undigested portions of food and waste products are removed A series of organs arranged in a long tube that work together to Muscles that control the passage of food material from one organ to Cavity or hollow channel in any organ or structure of the body Inside of the gastrointestinal tract Digestive system Digestive tract and the auxiliary organs liver pancreas and Digestion And Absorption What Happens To The Food We Eat Food undergoes three processes Digestion Absorption Elimination from the body Gastrointestinal Tract Gastrointestinal tract process foods Sphincters the next Lumen gallbladder The Liver Auxiliary organs assist in digestion Largest organ in the body Produces bile Involved in the emulsification of fat The mixing of fat with water Detoxifies harmful substances Helps metabolize Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins Micronutrients Stores vitamins Manufactures blood proteins Releases glucose from glycogen stores The Gallbladder The Pancreas A pear shaped sac that stores and concentrates bile from the liver The stimulus is fat in the small intestine Secretes digestive enzymes Releases hormones such as insulin and glucagon Bicarbonate basic chemical is secreted to neutralize chyme acidic chemical Keeps it from eating up the small intestine no thick mucus wall in the intestine like in the stomach Chyme stomach stomach properties The bolus ball of chewed up food becomes chyme in the A mixture of the bolus with the digestive secretions of the More liquidy than the bolus HCl in the stomach very strong acid gives chyme is acidic to be released into the small intestine at a time The sphincter before the intestine only allows a small amount of chyme Digestion Begins In The Mouth Cephalic phase of digestion Hunger and appetite work together to prepare the GI tract for digestion First thought of food nervous system stimulates the release of Chewing moistens the food with mucus and mechanically breaks it into Saliva contains digestive juices and certain enzymes secreted by the salivary Salivary glands produce amylase Induce chemical changes in other substances to speed up bodily digestive juices smaller pieces glands in the mouth Enzyme processes Taste receptors Detect distinct tastes Bitter sweet salty sour umami Olfactory receptors Detect aromas of food Upper esophageal sphincter Antibodies and lysozymes fight oral bacteria The bolus travels to the stomach through the esophagus Mass of chewed and moistened food in the mouth The epiglottis covers the opening to the trachea for food to pass down the esophagus Digestion In The Stomach Peristalsis esophagus toward the stomach Food is moved through the esophagus to the stomach by peristalsis Continuing rippling movement to move the bolus down the No digestion occurs in the esophagus Mechanical digestion occurs when peristaltic waves mix contents of stomach Gastric juice is secreted by stomach hydrochloric acid Pepsin initiates protein digestion Gastric lipase initiated lipid digestion Small amounts of water some minerals drugs and alcohol absorbed Gastro esophageal sphincter Controls the flow of the bolus into the stomach Closes after the bolus enters the stomach to prevent acid reflux GERD Pyloric sphincter Gastro esophageal reflux disease chyme into the small intestine Sphincter at the bottom of the stomach that controls the flow of acidic The pancreas releases bicarbonate into the small intestine to reduce the acidity of chyme Acts as a buffer A small amount of absorption can take place in the stomach Most Digestion And Absorption Takes Place In The Small Intestine Bile produced in the liver from the gallbladder emulsifies fat to aid digestion Pancreatic lipase digests fat Pancreatic amylase digests carbohydrates Proteases digest protein Bicarbonate secreted by the pancreas neutralizes acidic chyme from the stomach into the small intestine The small intestine has 3 parts Duodenum upper part Jejunum middle part Ileum lower part intestine Digestion In The Large Intestine Colon Has 3 segments The ileocecal valve sphincter connects the small intestine to the large Leads to the colon large intestine Ascending colon part of the colon that gown up Traverse colon part of the colon that goes across Descending colon part of the colon that goes down to the anus The function of the colon is to store undigested food material and absorb water short chain fatty acids and electrolytes Electrolytes impulses and muscular contractions Charged ions able to transmit electrical impulses nerve Become charged by dissociating in water Colonic bacteria assists with final digestion Intestinal bacteria digest and remaining food articles Water and chemicals are absorbed into the blood stream Non digestible matter forms feces which are excreted through the rectum Waste After the colon Rectum anal canal anus Muscles Of The GI Tract of nutrients Peristalsis GI tract Segmentation
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