Exam 2 Monday July 27th 2 00pm 3 15 Content Chapters 5 6 8 9 Chapter 5 Groups Be able to define provide an example of the following Groups o People who have something in common and who believe that what they have in common in significant also called a social group o A small group characterized by intimate long term face to face association and Primary groups cooperation Family and friends Secondary groups o Larger relatively temporary more anonymous formal and impersonal group based on some interest or activity college classes ASA political parties o Individuals who temporarily share the same physical space but who do not see themselves as belonging together People waiting in line to check out or people stopped at a red light o People objects and events that have similar characteristics and are classified together o a statistic All college women who wear glasses men over 6ft tall Voluntary associations o SECONDARY GROUP o Groups made up of people who voluntarily organize on the basis of some mutual interest also known as voluntary memberships and organizations Girl scouts boy scouts Alcoholics anonymous religious varieties o A group towards which one feels loyalty o Shape perceptions of the world your view of right and wrong and your behavior o we The Crips gang o A group towards which one feel antagonism The Bloods The Nazis saw Jews as an out groups who symbolized evil and should be eliminated al Qaeada as the United States out group them Reference groups o A group whose standards we refer to as we evaluate ourselves May include family neighbors teachers classmates co workers Aggregates Categories In groups Out groups Example may be graduate students if you are thinking about graduate school because you would refer to their standards when you were evaluating your writing skills and grades Group Dynamics The ways in which individuals affect groups and the ways in which groups influence individuals Effects of group size on stability and intimacy o Dyad the smallest possible group consisting of 2 people Marriages love affairs and close friendships MOST INTIMATE and UNSTABLE of groups o Triad group of 3 people MORE STABLE but LESS INTIMACY Think about a baby being born Just two people but if one loses interest then the group can t continue UNSTABLE as well because coalitions form and mediators form Coalitions two group members aligning themselves against one Mediator tries settling disagreements between the other 2 o As a small group grows larger it becomes more stable but its intensity or intimacy decreases a framework also tends to form cause leaders to rise Effects of group size on attitudes and behavior o Small groups members act informally talk to one another o Bigger groups members act more formally and lose intimacy body language stiffens divide into smaller groups conversation becomes more difficult become less likely to take responsibility in helping someone diffusion of responsibility What was the Asch Experiment What can we learn from this o Experiment where there is a group of people shown a vertical line and then a set of 3 vertical lines where 1 is the same length as the first one All but one person in the group is being paid to respond in the study Have choose which line is the same length the group starts to choose the wrong answer collectively participant either sticks with the obvious right answer or goes along with the group o We learn about peer pressure and that people are likely to conform in groups What was the Milgram Experiment What can we learn from this o Experiment where subject is a teacher and has to administer electric shocks to the learner when they get an answer wrong The shocks get more intense as more questions are wrong The learner is not actually receiving shocks but acting as if they re in pain Look at how many people will turn the dial all the way because the researcher said it s fine o Comparing to why so many people were okay with the Holocaust and not doing anything against the Nazi s wishes o Effects the power of authority over people Adam Green s 2011 Playing the Sexual Field The Interactional Basis of Systems of Sexual Stratification How this research was conducted o Interviews and field observations in one particular study studying the gay men and gay bars that were most frequented A general understanding of the 6 steps of social interaction that are important to the process Green identifies 1 Through interaction at sites of sexual sociality actors recognize that the sexual field is not a democracy of desire but a set of relations anchored to competition and sexual selection 2 Actors are obliged to apprehend the field specific community of attitudes i e the generalized other for these define the reigning structure of desire from which the logic of sexual status is configured MEAD 3 Once a structure of desire has been identified actors must assess their own status in relation to it This is accomplished through intersubjective feedback from others in the form of a looking glass self and self comparisons to idealized representations and desirable others in the field COOLEY 4 Actors assess the position of others within the field to establish who can be approached and who cannot 5 Actors acquire a sense of how to play the game including successful self performances through front work and proper field demeanor 6 Actors devise ways to save face in order to contend with rejection and avoid discrediting b other players GOFFMAN o Particular attention to the steps involving what we know about Mead Cooley and Goffman Site vs field o Site o Field physical location that contains fields the matrix of relations within a site Chapter 6 Deviance Characteristics of deviance o Violation of rules and norms o Relativity in what is considered to be deviant o Not the act but the reaction o Stigmas are also a form of deviance ex in appearance or status large nose or rapist s brother o Positive Sanctions o Negative sanctions rewarded for following norms like a wave or smile expressions of disapproval for deviance like frowns and gossip Differential association theory o Edwin Sutherland s term to indicate that people who associate with some groups learn an excess of definitions of deviance increasing the likelihood that they will become deviant o Families o Friends neighborhoods and subcultures important play a large role in forming views on life causing one to deviate or conform too ex choosing neighborhood to live in has negative or positive results some
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