o Deviance modes of action that do not conform to the norms or values held ny most members of a group of society o Norm laws folkways and morals rules of conduct that specify appropriate behavior in a given range of social situations Notes from 3 5 13 Everyone is deviant deviance is the norm Defining deviance o Behavior that deviates from the norms Assumption everyone knows the norms consensus o Big 3 Theories and Deviance Functionalism Interaction Conflict Review Policy Failure to conform Are not stationary Change depending on time o Violation of Norms If no one reacts to violations in norms is it deviance Types of Deviance o Any deviation from the norms of everyday life o Behavior is in question If behavior is in accordance with norms then it is okay if not then it s deviance o Think broadly Contrast Myths and deviance o Not all forms of deviance are crimes and not all crimes are deviant o Views of deviance depend on definitions of norms o Deviance doesn t only apply to criminals o Deviance involves willfulness willfulness is not clearly defined o Deviance takes place everyday by everyone Deviance Fighting Being Handicapped Mental Illness Deviance and Crime Homicide robbery Crime Not following the speed limit Underage drinking J walking Taking the life of many is not inherently deviant o Wars coincide with the norms and values of most people of a society while homcide does not Fist fighting is not inherently deviant because boxing is a sanctioned sport o Fighting in the form of self protection does not go against societal norms What is labelled as deviant depends on who is in power because people in power define the norms o These people substantiate norms and define deviances o Ex The drinking card game Kings Cup Ring of Fire This game has rules you can choose to follow or not to follow The game has both informal sanctions social rejection and formal sanctions taking a shot Rules and Instiutions Institutionalized Norms o o Laws formalize the norms of institutions o Behavior action creates norms structure Stucture can effect action Power Flows In and Out Institutions Biological and Pyscological Perspectives Causality Conditioned by social conditions Ex Gendered bodies give rise to meanings of physical attributes Patterns result of social conditions Individual Pathologism stigmas Social conditions are conducive to poverty People tend to blame the victim not the social conditions for societal ills that are out of personal control Steps for Victim Blaming o o o Blame problem on group differences Identify Problem Identify group differences biological social cultural Systematic distortion of information o What is real can be altered because consciouness can be manipulated Functionalism and Deviance Durkeim o Anomie individuals don t subscribe to norms which predisposes them to deviance often called crime Can have positive consequences Deviance serves some function to society don t rid the world of deviance but keep it within acceptable limits Reminds us of shared values Clarifies moral boundaries Postive self evalulation Integrated soceity by punishing deviance Erikson s View of Durkeim o We have enough crime and we must do something about it Defintions of deviance and crime are constantly changing to fit crime and to expand prisons o Merton o Cohen Ideologies often don t add up to the reality experiences by the masses This leads to strain Relative Deprivation American s preoccupation with success and conformity leads to increased crime rates Deviance is not about the individual it is about groups Deviant subcultures occur more often in the lower classes and are based on values that oppose the dominant Social situations turn into patterns which lead to a subculture culture o Cloward and Ohlin Lack of Opportunity Theory everyone does not have the opportunity to achieve the same norms Can be applied to concepts other than poverty ex People of power make rules that those with out power are forced to follow Interactionist Theory Functional tendencies Differential Association Sutherland Associating with deviants causes deviance in others Limitations of Functionalist Theories deviance as a violation of the norm p 174 People in poorer communities don t aspire to the same level of success as more affluent people most adjust their aspirations to the reality of their situation Middle class values are not accepted through out society People in upper classes also feel pressures toward criminal activity white collar crimes Quasi conflict oriented tendencies Labelling Becker o Deviance as a social reaction the process of interaction between deviants and nondeviants p 174 Nothing is inherently deviant by the reactions of others makes something deviant Is a behavior deviant if no one deems it as such o o Ex Someone witnesses someone moving computers out of a building Can go unrecognized unless it is labeled as theft o Deviance is a labeling process and this labelling takes place at different levels o Limited by the fact that labelling theory neglects the processes that lead to acts being defined as deviant Labeling is not arbitrary differences in socialization attitudes and opportunities influence how far people engage in behavior that is likely to be considered deviant p 175 o It is also unclear if labelling increases deviant conduct other factors could be involved p 175 Primary Deviation Secondary Deviation o Primary Deviation intial transgression experience connected to deviant behavior o Secondary Deviation Role created to deal with society s condemnation of that behavior individual then Lemert can be used to explain mass shootings p 174 acts accordingly Me vs Them Society is against me into more severe acts of deliquency o Once a child is labeled as deliquent they are perceived as different by everyone The child then relapses o Small violations of norms like acting differently or standing out can casacade into horrible criminal Example Slut Shaming dicated by men those in power labeling is conducted by those in power acts Conflict Theory o Piven and Cloward o New Criminology Rule breaking is aligned with power deviance is in response to social inequalities Laws are not equally enforced based on race and class not behavior Stealing embezzlement is not properly punished Target Hardening o Strengthening of the security of a building to prevent attack i e security systems and bullet proofing Policy o Motor Associations Parents wonder who their children spend time with and attempt to control
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