Intro to Sociology Amanda Poling Chapter 4 continued Social Roles Exam 2 Study Guide o Role behavior of a specific status Ex Role as student study go to class take notes o Role expectations anticipated behaviors for a particular role Ex Role as student stop talking when teacher comes in take out notebook put phone away o Role performance degree to which a person plays their role in a manner we Ex Doing all of the role expectations as student good role performance good student o Role conflict what occurs when a person is forced to choose between competing demands of multiple roles Ex Mom has to go to work but her child is sick and need to go to the doctor o Role strain occurs when demands and expectations of one role are impossible expect to satisfy Ex Boss want you to clean up and help customer at the same time Social Institutions Structures that provide for patterned relationships everything is already structured and set up for us o Family rules are laid out already we just take on the role o Educational and religious systems o Economic systems o Political and legal systems Micro Orientations social Interactions o Personal space Intimate distance reserved for people who we are very close to 0 18 Spouse siblings parents Personal distance normal conversation distance 18 4 Social distance formal situations or impersonal encounters 4 12 Friends Teachers Public distance highly formal settings speaker is separate from listener 12 Speaker on stage o Dramaturgy Impression management management of the impression that the performer makes on others Don t text during class to make good impression on your Front stage what the audience sees or the part of ourselves we present to others Taking notes for teacher to see Back stage the demeanor that incorporates our true feelings and beliefs Don t like teacher but only reveal that to our friends and act teacher nice to her Embarrassment state that occurs when we realize our act action has failed Face saving work reaction to embarrassment in the form of either humor anger or retreat Ex Scenario meeting boyfriend s parents for the first time Impression you re courteous respectful caring Front stage ask to help clean up pull out chair shake hands and make eye contact Back stage you hate them you think they re annoying and disrespectful Embarrassment you spill your drink burp or say something offensive Face saving work apologize leave early or change the subject Social Structure and Theory o Symbolic interactionism if men define situations as real they are real in their consequences We define situations as embarrassing even if others don t think so o Functionalism o Conflict Theory Dramaturgy keeps society going Native Americans sent to camps to become Americanized o video That Gotye Song Chapter 5 Socialization Socialization process that teaches the norms values and other aspects of a culture to new group members o Primary socialization the socialization that occurs during childhood Parents are largely responsible Teach children religious values sharing kindness proper manners behaviors o Secondary socialization dynamic whereby socialization continues throughout our lives Not taught how to socialize in college we learn it Nature vs Nurture behavior o Nature genes we get from our parents at conception are the primary causes of human o Nurture our environment influences the way we think feel and behave o Sociologists try to avoid either extreme o Ex Feral Children kids raised without human interaction or socialization cannot speak or feed themselves because those are things taught by our environment not our genes Imagine how our behaviors will look to others Interpret others reactions to our behavior We develop a self concept o Tend to care more what our family friends think than strangers Looking glass self o Charles Cooley o Process of reflection o Interactions with others The I the Me o George Herbert Mead o I self The subjective self What do I want Self fulfillment o Me self Ex Ms Poling would cancel all our classes if she only listened to her I self The objective self Concerned with how other people might interpret our actions How do others see me Ex She can t cancel classes because her boss would see her as lazy students will complain and fire her 3 stages of how the Me develops Imitations stage 0 2yrs kids copy others no meaning is associated with their actions o Ex Mom feeds baby soup so baby feeds soup to mom s friend Play stage 3 5yrs play roles and begin to take characteristics of important people in their world o Ex Kids pretend to be mom while playing house so they take on role of mom and feed take care of their friends Game stage elementary school begin to understand that others have expectations and demands placed upon them o Generalized other our sense of others o Ex Baseball team shows how each player must fulfill their own position in order to win Theory of Cognitive Development o Jean Piaget 4 stages o Cognitive development a person s ability to think and reason o 1 Sensorimotor stage birth 2yrs Infants learn to experience and think about the world thru their senses and motor skills Ex Play peak a boo b c the baby thinks you actually aren t there when your hands are covering your face so they are entertained o 2 Preoperational stage 2 7 yrs Ability to speak grows rapidly o 3 Concrete operational 7 12 yrs Ex A stands for apple picture of an apple represents an apple too Can think about objects in the world in more than one way and begin to understand casual connections to their surroundings and realize other people have feelings Ex Fold paper into an airplane child understands that it is still paper not actually an airplane o 4 Formal Operational 12 People become able to comprehend abstract thoughts Ex Capable of taking understanding algebra now x y z 64 Theory of Moral Development o Laurence Kohlberg 3 levels o 1 Pre conventional level We make moral judgment based on hedonistic principles Hedonistic principles seek pleasure over pain Ex Give candy to child when they get a good grade so they will want to continue getting good grades to get more candy o 2 Conventional level Use of norms and rules to determine what is right and wrong Ex Kid realizes they can t pee outside in public anymore because they are told it is wrong but don t understand why it is wrong yet o 3 Post conventional level Morality based on abstract principles o Critiques of theory of moral development Kids know rules before conventional level people at post
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