Review Sheet for Exam 1 What are the three questions sociologists try to answer when studying society o What is the structure of society o What is the relation between society and history o What types of people live and succeed in a society and why What are the two major concepts we talked about when discussing the sociological imagination o Biography and History Ex Bill Gates o Link between private troubles and public issues Ex Credit Card Debt How are social sciences and natural sciences similar How do they differ o They are similar because they both use the scientific method The Scientific Method is the process of gathering empirical scientific and specific data creating theories and rigorously testing theories How is sociology different from anthropology economics political science and psychology o Anthropology is concerned with the study of culture Sociologists focus on industrialized and post industrialized societies and the effect of structure on people s lives o Economics is the study of the production and distribution of material goods and services results in inequality Sociologists focus on how the distribution of goods and services o Political science focuses on how governments are formed how they operate and how they are related to other institutions Sociologists examine how those in power affect people s lives o Psychology is concerned with the processes that occur within the Sociologists stress factors that are external to the individual What are sociological hypotheses o Ideas about the world that describe a possible relationship between social individual phenomena How do data and theory work in research o You use data to either prove or disprove a theory What is the eight step process of how sociologists do research What is the difference between primary and secondary data What is the difference between quantitative and qualitative data o Primary data is data that the researcher collected while secondary data is data that has been collected by other researchers o Quantitative data is evidence that can be summarized numerically while qualitative data is any evidence that is not numerical in nature Give examples of primary quantitative data primary qualitative data secondary quantitative data and secondary qualitative data o Primary Quantitative Data Surveys Experiments o Primary Qualitative Data Fieldwork participatory observation Interviews focus groups o Secondary Quantitative Data Datasets o Secondary Qualitative Data Documents other forms of communication What is the difference between correlation causal relationship and spurious relationship o Correlation is how variables are related to one another while Causal and Spurious relationships show us how the variables affect each other What was unethical about Milgram s experiment o The participants were lied to be about what they were participating in o Also they caused the participants extreme distress which was an indirect result of them being lied to about the experiment o They used the Yale name to comfort the participants but Yale had nothing to do with the experiment How does structure affect our behavior o Social structure is the framework of society that surrounds us It consists of the ways that people and groups are related to one another o Social structure restrains and enables behavior How do we experience structure Why is this different from how sociologists understand structure o We experience structure without really thinking about it We accept the way things are because they have always been that way Sociologists see structure from the outside as something that is not solid or unchanging What are the two types of social control Designed and regulated by some authority like government makes o Formal Control laws o Informal Control The unwritten rules and regulation characterized by informal o Breaching experiments are planned and deliberate breaks of a commonly What are some ways in which Disney structures and controls our behaviors from the Shearing and Stenning reading o Disney constantly directs people and they enforce certain behaviors that What are breaching experiments authority accepted social norm o Frozen Grand Central they find suitable What are three components of roles o Shape your life and behavior o Internalize roles I am a student not I play the role of a student o Can change over time What are components of social interaction o Spoken words gestures body language and other symbols and cues come together in complex ways to create human communication What are three steps of constructing reality o Externalization People create society through an on going process of o Objectivation Through this process social arrangements come to seem physical and mental activity objectively real o Internalization This is a complex process through which we learn our society s culture and establish our view of the world How did doctors nurses and patients construct reality in such a way that a pelvic exam was desexualized them o They made it strictly business by using the word pelvic instead of woman o Also the woman has a covering over her legs so she can t see what the doctor is doing and she takes off her clothes in private and hides her underwear Can social constructions change Why or why not If they can change what would have to happen in order for them to change o Social constructions are collectively held beliefs and once adopted into a culture they can become difficult to change o Social movements can be understood in part as collective efforts to change socially constructed ideas about the world What are the three components of the presentation of the self List and define o Authentic self is an image of ourselves that is consistent with the way we view ourselves our real self o Ideal self is a public image of ourselves that is consistent with the way that we wish we were our ideal self o Tactical self is a public image that is positive and favorable whether it is authentic or ideal usually we do this by claiming to have attributes consistent with what others want us to be What is the difference between the front and back stage o Front Stage is the part of the performance that functions in fixed and general ways o Back Stage is where facts suppressed in the front stage appear What are four techniques people use for impression management o Intimidation Self promotion Exemplification and Supplication Explain the concept of structure vs agency o Social structure refers to those larger and relatively
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