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SocializationMead- does not address biology!!!CooleyFreudEriksonNatureNurturePiagetGilliganKohlberg’s Theory of Moral Development1. Cross Cultural Gender SocializationSocialization• Learning how to be a human being, learn culture, behave, • Obtain a self, personality, knowledge about environment and social beings • Can you be human if you were raised outside of society?o From birth you can from someone, when you die people you love will be around you • Social being; being human, only humans define you genes don’t define you • Society is within us• Socialization is learning to conform to the norms of society• Learning culture- if removed from your culture you will feel culture shock• Nature vs. nurture (social) argument is central to the study of socializationExplanations of how we become human beings, realize who we are, and relate successfully to over people • Derived from psychology • Individual has an personality (entity in itself)• A person can’t grow up in isolation• Personality develops to a degree that is determined by how socialized a person is o Healthy personalities respond to others in a way that is mature, stable• Personality is the way we see if someone is socialized properly• Socialization has biological componentMead and Cooley• Both Symbolic interaction and University of Chicago• Develop a self – identifies you from everybody elseo Learning way of life and culture• Only humans have cultureMead- does not address biology!!!o Self: is a combination of the “I” and the “me”  The I is unique, creative, spontaneous, unpredictable, undetermined, unexplored, no patterns (makes you different)o Me: learned from society Understands rules and follows them (studied in sociology because it is repetitious)  Only part science can studyo Can’t predict human behavior because of the I Ex. How you behave under pressure (panic or calm down) is unpredictable o Self developed little by little o Groups gives you identity Ex. Sense of humor varies with cultureo Play: how we learn to get out of ourselves and put ourselves in others shoes Learn about different roles and what they meano Children are egocentric (me, me, me) until development of generalized othero Generalized other: consider different roles and different expectations society put on themo If you don’t have society where would we be?  Dead or animals (individuals are harmonious with society)o No biological component all of personality is learnedCooley• Language and gestures are social (used to communicate)• Looking glass self; the eyes of the people you interact with are your mirroro Tells you who you are, you see yourself in the eyes of others, without others you don’t know who you are.o Accommodate to what we see: if we see admiration in the eyes of others we continue that behaviorFreud• All personality has a biological component or id (drives or instincts ex. Hunger)o Ex. Society says you can eat but can’t eat all the time (3 times a day)o Ideals and values that go against biological instincts• Ego: mediates conflicto Result of Socialization o Individual(drives) versus society (rules)• Adulthood, mature because of experiences. Personality is molded and is stable and able to handle experienceso Basis is childhood- If not socialized properly in childhood, problems will pop up later in lifeErikson• Conflict between individual and society is never solved and appears in different ways throughout life• As you get older, you experience different dilemmas (8)o ex. Sacrifice freedom for children• The longer we live the more difficulties we have• Must face these dilemma and have an answer in order to have a fulfilling life• If you don’t solve dilemma then you have personal baggage because of socialization imbalances (uncertainty, grumpy)• Personality effects how you deal with dilemmasNature• If society gives you the wrong identity nature responds- life will be difficulto Biology has power• Hormones affect behavior, we don’t respond independently of our bodieso Ex. PMS, situations in which adrenaline takes over• As we mature we can do more things and vice versa Nurture• If people treat you as something you are not you will act the way they perceive you • Who we are varies with race, class, religion, gendero Behavior due to social forces• A child who have been raised in isolation (discriminatory human contact), lack socialization and can’t perform certain developmental taskso Doesn’t know how to have sexo Hard to eve overcome disadvantages• If someone tell you something negative and that’s all you ever hearo Have self esteem problemso Hostile perspective of environmento Can you be lovable or love? Love is a social behavior it is learned it is not a natural behavior• Personality and self identity are social products.• Interaction is based on the use of symbols with shared meaning. Without society such symbols had no meaning and we would be lacking self• BIOLOGY IS NOT DESTINY• Born with limitations, If placed in proper environment one can overcome limitations• All groups have culturePiaget• Education system based on his ideas• Understanding of environment is subordinate to age• Oral fixation of children• Learn by feelings and movement (experience) • Children understand concrete things (tangible)• Go beyond and understand abstractions (concepts), ideas, things you can’t see (like society)• Symbolic interaction: Crime; people interaction to the point to which a person says I’m going to solve a conflict in a certain way (evolution)• Theories are abstract but make sense, thus we create experiment and develop policy• Development requires progression through stages• Limitations: only applied through schools• How to learn in other societies• Environmental stimuli involves how individuals are treated by others given their gender, race, ethnicity, and other social status• Similar to personality and moral development, cognitive theories stress that nature conditions learning. Similar to Mead and Cooley, cognitive development can be promoted and enhanced by the learning environment• Less industrialized societies better at society • Ability to learn varies with culture, gender• Leaders must make moral reasoning and be responsible must mature (age)• Cooley and Mead only ones who don’t use biology to explain behaviorExample: Crying• Hormones vs. how you were raised•


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FSU SYG 1000 - Socialization

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