SYG1000 FINAL REVIEW PROFESSOR KINLOCH Voluntary Organizations Significance o They reinforce and support all institutions o Link individuals to institutions Primary contexts o Experience missionary o Institutions school religion family Support Free labor Provides money and facilities o o o Anticipatory socialization prepares us for our future participation in the real stuff SGA and Ad Club Types classified by major institutions Political campaigns and causes o o Economic labor unions o Social schools religion family Types classified by goals Instrumental goal oriented o o Expressive social recreational Part of stratification o Class o Race o Gender o This is slowly disappearing Some voluntary organizations o May become social movements Social movement an organized reaction to perceived social change Widespread and eventually national SADD Students Against Destructive Decisions national social movement o Reflect interests Economically or politically oriented Normative prevent radical social change Social Movements Organized reactions to perceived social change Built into society not rare Types of social movements according to lecture o Institutions Political campaigns causes environment Economic poverty thirst Social family religion school o Types of reactions to social change Resist change desire to protest Conservatives Concerned with tradition Advocate change Radicals Causes inequality Reactionists moderates Liberals Constitutional rights Individual freedom Types of social movements according to book o Resistance movements explicitly organized either to resist change or it is reactionary in that it seeks to reverse changes that have already occurred and restore traditional values o Reform movements seek to alter a specific part of society and commonly focus on a single issue such as women s rights or gay marriage SYG1000 FINAL REVIEW PROFESSOR KINLOCH Views o Revolutionary movement seeks radical changes in a way that goes beyond reform by seeking to replace social institutions with new ones that conform to a radically different vision of society o Order When conditions improve people start social movements to keep improving society Their consciousness changes and their expectations grow higher o Conflict When conditions worsen or decline people start social movements because they want change since they are not happy with the current situation Government is ineffective and illegitimate Interactionist When there s a significant decline in improving conditions The gap in the graph causes social movement o General characteristics o Michel s Iron Law of Oligarchy Built in conservatism Motivation desire to keep their power position o Distinction they behave like they re above everyone and it s an ideology They don t conform to the visions they portray o Most leaders tend to be at least middle class and educated o They need resources such as Material needs money technology weapons Social needs members supporters o Dilemma of success if it s successful Becomes institutionalized Part of status quo Adapts to society in such a way that it loses its original goals Commercialization Cults cult leadership and conflict o Extreme movements have similarities o Views Single vision Impose vision by force Sometimes use violence Order Sees movements as a rise in adaptation and increase in functional change Conflict Changing power arrangements Raise awareness of legitimate issues Big on civil rights Interactionist Movements change our mentalities and sometimes our behaviors Stages 1 Discontent a social problem like hunger 2 Leader charismatic good looking and talented speaker who insiders change and can provide a clear vision 3 Organization n a Effective can provide solution b Needs members supporters c Needs resources money technology etc d Social unity stability i Avoid internal competition ii Avoid breaking off to new organization a Solves problems b Mission fulfilled c May quit once solution happens goal is reached 4 Institutionalization Deviance Book definition behavior that does not conform to social expectations Types of norms define types of deviance Definition Nonconformity straying away from norms Defined by opposite of norms When we punish deviance we reinforce norms Deviance is part of social dynamics and change SYG1000 FINAL REVIEW PROFESSOR KINLOCH There are positive social types and negative social types Deviance may modify norms Deviance is part of inequality because of behavioral minorities Types of deviance Insecure social situations tend to increase perceived deviance Ex Salem witch trials o Social when you break a folkway Embarrassment Inappropriate behavior Mental illness o Criminal when you break mores Robbery Murder Rape Fraud Theories as to why deviance exists o Biological physiological Link body to personality Body type Appearance Genetic explanations Medical model Surgery lobotomy castration etc Deviance as illness Asylums Drugs to cure deviance o Psychological Dr Freud Bio sexual development Lack of satisfaction Complexes Oedipus Electra Frustration results in aggression o Sociological Differential association theory Anomie theory Who you hang out with reflects on your deviance so if you hang out with a crowd who does drugs then you are more likely to do drugs because of peer pressure Bad deviant crowds can transform you and influence you Reactions to inequality Prescribed goals ex education Prescribed means to reach prescribed goals ex go to school Most of us accept the goals and the means Some people accept the goals but find other means which is a form of deviance ex cheating It explains people s deviance based on their nonconformist behavior Labeling societal reaction theory Primary deviance is the initial deviant act done before the label is placed which then gives society the right to label that individual as a wrongdoer of some sort druggy loner Secondary deviance is the behavior that results from the labeling process so when the individual accepts the label they are given and acts according to it Emphasis on how society treats the deviant and on how the individual reacts or doesn t react to that label Radical nonintervention the strategy of leaving jevnile delinquents alone as much as possible rather than giving them a negative label Urbanization Refer to urbanization handout SYG1000 FINAL REVIEW PROFESSOR KINLOCH Social Change Two major factors primarily behind urbanization o Getting to a state where human beings can create a food surplus o The specializing
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