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Final Study Guide Test 3 Chapter 13 Power p 353 Authority p 353 State p 353 force Nation states p 353 Sovereignty p 353 Citizens p 354 Nationalism p 354 Civil rights p 354 Political rights p 355 Social rights p 355 Welfare state p 355 Democracy p 356 The ability of individuals or the members of a group to achieve aims or further the interests they hold A government s legitimate use of power A political structure ruling over a given territory whose authority is backed by law and the ability to use Not typical of hunting gathering and most agrarian societies Particular type of state in the modern world in which the government has sovereign power within a defined territory and citizens who know they are part of a single nation The undisputed political rule of a state over a given territorial area o Failed states like Somalia or Sudan have lost authority and resort to deadly force to retain or regain power Members of a political community having both rights and duties associated with that membership A set of beliefs and symbols expressing identification with a national community Patriotism in the United States Legal rights held by all citizens in a given national community Rights of political participation such as the right to vote in local and national elections held by citizens of a national community o In 1870 African American men in 1920 all American women in 1960s voter registration effort in civil rights movement Rights of social and welfare provision held by all citizens in a national community including for example the right to claim unemployment benefits and sickness payments provided by the state A political system that provides a wide range of welfare benefits for its citizens A political system that allows the citizens to participate in political decision making or to elect A system of democracy in which members of a group or community participate collectively in making representatives to government bodies Participatory direct democracy p 356 major decisions Constitutional monarchy p 356 Kings or queens are largely figureheads Real power rests in the hands of other political leaders The United Kingdom Sweden and Japan Liberal democracy p 356 Systems of democracy based on parliamentary institutions coupled to the free market system in the area of economic production The United States Japan most Western European countries Australia and New Zealand The spread of liberal democracy o In 1989 41 percent of countries were electoral democracies by 2009 the number jumped to 62 percent o Democracy is associated with capitalism Citizens and outsiders pressure governments to establish democracy The role of the Internet in democratization pp 357 59 1 The Internet transcends national and cultural borders 29 worldwide use the Internet 77 in North America 58 in Europe 22 in Asia 11 in Africa Cell phones texting e mail Facebook Twitter Skype and YouTube can be used to create change Democracy in the U S pp 362 70 Participatory democracy a system in which decisions are made communally by those affected by them o Original kind used in ancient Athens Political parties p 362 o An organization of individuals with broadly similar political aims oriented toward achieving legitimate control of government through an electoral process o Two party systems winner take all elections o Multiparty systems proportional representation Politics and voting p 362 Decline in political party identification and strength Growing distrust of politics and government In U S presidential elections 64 in 1960 56 in 2000 61 in 2004 and 2008 A group organized to pursue specific interests in the political arena operating primarily by lobbying the Voter turnout p 363 Interest groups p 368 members of legislative bodies Lobbying p 368 The process of influencing public and government policy at all levels federal state and local The political participation of women p 371 When women run for office they do as well as men the challenge is to get women to run Of 186 countries the United States ranks 71st in women s representation in parliament Chapter 14 Work p 394 Occupation p 394 Economy p 394 Technology p 395 The carrying out of tasks that require the expenditure of mental and physical effort which has as its objective the production of goods and services that cater to human needs Any form of paid employment in which an individual regularly works The system of production and exchange that provides for the material needs of individuals living in a given society The application of knowledge of the material world to production the creation of material instruments such as machines used in human interaction with nature The characteristics of work Social significance of work pp 395 6 Money Activity level Variety o Necessary for survival or to meet needs o Acquire and use skills at work o Work stands in contrast to domestic life Structuring one s time o Work gives rhythm to daily life Social contacts Personal Identity o New friends and social activities through work o Work boosts self esteem The informal economy p 396 Economic transactions carried on outside the sphere of orthodox paid employment o Unpaid work Non monetary exchanges of goods and services self provisioning volunteering 2 o Off the books cash transactions for goods and services Division of labor 396 The specialization of work tasks by means of which different occupations are combined within a production system Economic interdependence p 396 Taylorism p 397 Individuals depend on others to produce many or most of the goods they need to sustain their lives A set of ideas also referred to as scientific management developed by Frederick Winslow Taylor involving simple coordinated operations in industry The system of production pioneered by Henry Ford in which the assembly line was introduced Organizational or work setting in which people are allowed little responsibility for or control over the work Organizational or work setting in which individuals are permitted a great deal of autonomy and control A temporary stoppage of work by a group of employees in order to express a grievance or enforce a Page 462 464 An organized association of workers often in a trade or profession formed to protect and further their rights and interests A statistic that represents the number of union members as a percentage of the number of people who could Fordism p 397 Low trust system p 398 task High trust system p 398 over the work task Strikes p 398 9 demand Labor unions p 399 402 Union


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FSU SYG 1000 - Test 3

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