Introduction to Sociology Exam 2 Institutions Sets of interlinked organizations designed to meet societal needs Characteristics Interdependent and competitive prescribed unique specialized bureaucracy stratification minorities social structure at all levels symbols part of self biologically socially Involves mores uniqueness is central to the notion of culture Industrialization is increasingly specialized resists change Dimensions Major functions interrelations major types social change policy issue Models Order Universal and functional Conflict Power organization Interactionist Socialization and roles FAMILY Functions Ideas Extended vs Nuclear Matrilineal vs Patrilineal Monogamy vs Polygamy multiple wives vs Polyandry multiple husbands Single career vs Dual career Remarriage Primary socialization Miniature version of society At heart of society Moral Legal Relations Role continuity Secondary institution Major Types Social Change Predominantly nuclear Single parent most likely mother Dual career Remarriage Increasing acceptance of gay marriage Views Conflict o Power o Violence Order o Males work o Females stay home Interactionist o Set of roles o Role models o Relationships Policy Issues Issues of inequality New forms of marriage Family education ECONOMIC Functions Ideas Physical and material needs Production and consumption Goods and services Division of labor roles Stratification role assignments and evaluation rewards Minority roles labor minority inequality Part of social self identity me Values work set of values as an ethic o Protestant ethic Calvin predestination through social status Emphasizes work savings individualism level of success Social contract As punishment and discipline Rehabilitation As therapy Economic behavior consumption and life style o Veblen Conspicuous consumption o Status oriented consumption o Vicarious consumption Dominant cautiousness and mentality Dominant institution in modern society Relations Both supportive and demanding Politics revenue lobbying campaign constitutions PAC s candidates Education o Provide labor supply Religion Media o Protestant ethic o Influence of social class Religion Church sect o Revenues o Sponsorship advertising o Economic socialization o Economic news Major Types Low division labor vs High division labor Agricultural vs Industrial Socialist vs Capitalist State controlled vs Private Service vs Production Social Change Increase in specialization Increase in technology o Increase robots automation New forms of poverty middle class Views Increase service economy Increase franchised bureaucratized standardized Increase conspicuous consumption Increase integrated products Order Conflict o Economy functional and adaptive o Increased specialized as economy increases specialization increases o Transitional periods economic problems o Economy as reflecting and sewing o Power elite s interests o Changing inequality o Corporate elite is a major part of the power elite Interactionist o Economic roles o Relationships o Economic socialization State bureaucracy Weber legitimate authority consensus legality of force Policy Issues Access to o Education o Jobs o Job training Unemployment and underemployment Daycare support for working parents Benefits Part time and temporary employment Taxation POLITICS Functions Ideas Social control mores o Creating o Interpreting o Enforcement o State monopoly Social symbols o The Nation People Voter Country Societal unity integration Reinforcing mores through ritual of punishment o Power of state Individual utopias part of me Relations Regulate monitors uses other institutions Family o Family images o Support protect o Patriarchal Economy Education o Regulation deregulation o Dependency revenue campaign support o Regulation monitoring legislation o Job market skills o Use civil religion religious rituals religious PAC s Religion Media o Regulation deregulation o High use o Campaigns o Media politics Types Inherited vs representative Imposed vs Indigeneous Elitist vs Pluralistic Stable government both effective and legitimate Lipset Effective STABLE AUTHORITARIA SHAKY UNSTABLE Legitimate N Social Change Increasingly democratic majority rule Decrease minority elites dictators Increase utilitarian Increase self interest o Economic o Normative Increase media politics Increase technology increase role of internet Increase international UN NATO Increase interventionist Views Order o Representative democracy o Veto group based pluralism Competition compromise balance No one group has veto power Conflict Elitist o Power elite Formed by Mills Represents the top levels of government military and corporations Institutional elite model o Class elite o Non elite Formed by Domhoff Very rich Formed by Parenta System bias that favors very rich Interactionist o Political socialization o Identities and societal experiences Policy Issues Campaign reform financing Increase access campaigns Free media time Lobbying reform Contribution and PAC s limits Taxation Term limits Training and orientation of politicians Protection of minority rights National security EDUCATION Functions Ideas me generalized other Sub society Socializes trains as for adulthood Segregation Different types American society education does not have a lot of status Relations Major Types Depends and demands College prep academic Vocational and no college prep Elitist vs Open Academic vs Vocational Private vs Public Religious vs Secular Social Changes Increased specialization Increased vocationalization Increased bureaucratization Increased technological Views Order Conflict o Meritocracy o Tests o Maximize our abilities o Serving power elite o Job market needs o Limit subordinate groups Interactionists Policy Issues Increasing access Obsession with reform Falling behind on STEM RELIGION Functions Ideas o Sacrilizing function Cultural significance o Protestant ethic o American puritans o American Values National importance o Unity o Civil religion o Special destiny Religious states o Theocracies Powerful ideology o Major effect on ourselves through socialization Moral socialization mores group welfare sanctions with super mortal power rituals Part of stratification o Church sect social class o Minorities and religion Part of social self o Spirit souls Relations Monitors reinforce sacrilizes Family Politics o Rituals o Mores o Reinforce reflect family roles o Issue abortion divorce gay marriage o Reinforce state authority o Civil religion o Civil rights
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