FSU SYG 1000 - Chapter 4: Socialization and the Life Course

Unformatted text preview:

Intro to Sociology Study Guide Chapter 4 Socialization and the Life Course I The Role of Socialization a Socialization culture b Personality c Harry Harlow i People learn the attitudes values and behaviors appropriate for members of their ii Occurs through human interactions that begin at infancy iii Heredity and environmental factors interact in influencing the socialization process i Refers to a person s typical patterns of attitudes needs characteristics and behavior i Researcher at a primate laboratory ii Studies of animals raised in isolation supporting the importance of socialization in development iii Conducted tests with rhesus monkeys that had been raised away from their mothers and away from contact with other monkeys II The Self and Socialization through the Life Course a Charles Horton Cooley i Used the phrase looking glass self to emphasize that the self is the product of our social interactions 1 Flaw Looking Glass self is that the self results from an individual s imagination of how others view him or her developing self identities based on incorrect perceptions of how others see us b George Herbert Mead i Continued Cooley s exploration of interactionist theory ii Three Stages by which the self emerges 1 The Preparatory Stage a Children imitate the people around them especially family members b Older children use symbols and learn gestures of communication 2 The Play Stage a Children develop skill in communicating through symbols gradually becoming more aware of social relationships b Pretending to be other people as a result c Role Taking i The process of mentally assuming the perspective of another and responding from that imagined viewpoint 3 The Game Stage a Child no longer just plays roles but begins to consider several tasks and relationships simultaneously b Generalized other i Refers to the attitudes viewpoints and expectations of society as a whole that a child takes into account in his or her behavior 1 The self begins at a privileged central position in a person s world 2 Young children picture themselves as the focus of everything around them and find it difficult to consider other s perspectives 3 Significant Others a Those individuals who are most important in the development of the self iii Theory of Self c Erving Goffman i Sociologist associated with interactionist perspective ii Suggested that many of our daily activities involve attempts to convey impressions of who we are Impression Management iii 1 The individual learning to slant his or her presentation of the self in order to create distinctive appearances and satisfy particular audiences iv Dramaturgical Approach 1 People resemble performers in action v Face work 1 The efforts people make to maintain the proper image and avoid public d Jean Piaget embarrassment i Swiss child psychologist ii Performed research on newborn babies underscoring the importance of social interactions in developing a sense of self iii Newborns have no self in the sense of a looking glass image iv Cognitive Theory of Development 1 Children s thought progresses through four stages of development 2 Sensorimotor Stage a Young children use their senses to make discoveries 3 Preoperational stage a Children begin to use words and symbols to distinguish objects and ideas 4 Concrete Operational Stage a Children engage in more logical thinking 5 Formal Operational Stage a Adolescents become capable of sophisticated abstract thought and can deal with ideas and values in a logical manner e The Life Course i Rites of Passage ii Life Course Approach 1 A means of dramatizing and validating changes in a person s status 1 Sociologists and other social scientists look closely at the social factors that influence people throughout their lives 2 They recognize biological changes mold but do not dictate human behavior f Anticipatory Socialization and Resocialization i Anticipatory Socialization 1 Process of socialization in which a person rehearses for future positions occupations and social relationships ii Resocialization part of a transition in one s life iii Total Institution such as a prison the military or a convent iv Degradation Ceremony 1 The process of discarding former behavior patterns and accepting new ones as 1 An institution that regulates all aspects of a person s life under a single authority 1 Stripped of clothing jewelry and other personal possessions such as in a prison III Agents of Socialization a Gender Role females values of our culture i Expectations regarding the proper behavior attitudes and activities of males and b Schools in the United States have an explicit mandate to socialize people into the norms and Chapter 5 Social Interaction Social Structure and Groups I Social Interaction and Social Structure a Social Interaction i The ways people respond to each other b Social Structure c Statuses i Status i The way society is organized into predictable relationships work together 1 Refers to any of the full range of socially defined positions within a large 1 Assigned to a person by society without regard to the person s unique talents group or society ii Ascribed Status or characteristics iii Achieved Status iv Master Status position in society 1 Comes to us largely through our own efforts 2 Example Doctor Prison Guard etc 1 Status that dominates others and thereby determines a persons general 2 Example Arthur Ashe Tennis star but known for dying of AIDS instead d Social Roles i Social Role ii Role Conflict iii Role Strain iv Role Exit e Groups 1 Set of expectations for people who occupy a given social position or status 1 Occurs when incompatible expectations arise from two or more social positions held by the same person 1 The difficulty that arises when the same social position imposes conflicting demands and expectations 1 The process of disengagement from the role that is central to one s self identity in order to establish a new role and identity 2 Example ex convicts ex husband retirees recovering alcoholics i Any number of people with similar norms values and expectations who interact with one another on a regular basis ii Group Size 1 Size and group stability are directly related 2 Size and intimacy are inversely related 3 Size increases number of relationships subgroups 4 Size decreases amount of work per member iii GroupThink 1 An illusion of invulnerability 2 Negative perceptions of the opposite factors 3 Occurs regardless of expertise i A series of social relationships that links a person directly


View Full Document

FSU SYG 1000 - Chapter 4: Socialization and the Life Course

Documents in this Course
Exam 2

Exam 2

9 pages

Notes

Notes

5 pages

Exam 3

Exam 3

10 pages

Exam 3

Exam 3

10 pages

Exam 1

Exam 1

3 pages

Exam 1

Exam 1

7 pages

EXAM 3

EXAM 3

13 pages

EXAM 3

EXAM 3

5 pages

Exam 1

Exam 1

9 pages

Exam 1

Exam 1

14 pages

Test 3

Test 3

14 pages

Test 3

Test 3

42 pages

Exam 2

Exam 2

6 pages

Test 1

Test 1

6 pages

Chapter 5

Chapter 5

16 pages

Exam 2

Exam 2

4 pages

Test 3

Test 3

8 pages

SOCIOLOGY

SOCIOLOGY

11 pages

Exam 1

Exam 1

10 pages

Exam 1

Exam 1

10 pages

Sociology

Sociology

10 pages

Load more
Download Chapter 4: Socialization and the Life Course
Our administrator received your request to download this document. We will send you the file to your email shortly.
Loading Unlocking...
Login

Join to view Chapter 4: Socialization and the Life Course and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or
We will never post anything without your permission.
Don't have an account?
Sign Up

Join to view Chapter 4: Socialization and the Life Course 2 2 and access 3M+ class-specific study document.

or

By creating an account you agree to our Privacy Policy and Terms Of Use

Already a member?