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Florida State University Soiology Department SYG 1000 Introduction to Sociology Dr Gloria T Lessan Spring 2012 Study Guide Questions 2 CAVEAT The following questions are a guide to help you study the material for the 2nd Midterm exam It is not a contract that defines the exam 1 Define socialization Briefly summarize the contributions to our understanding of socialization advanced by Freud Piaget Kohlberg Gilligan G H Mead Charles H Cooley and Erik Erikson Socialization is the process of learning one s culture and of cultural transmission or adapting It means becoming fully human by developing a personality cognition and morality One s gender racial ethnic and social identity are ways in which people achieve socialization Freud Id ego and Superego Erikson 8 stages of man Piaget socialization through cognitive development Reasoning is a process of biological maturation We learn through stages Sensorimotor Properational Concrete operational and Abstract operational Kohlberg socialization is learned from others We develop moral judgment as we age by conforming to norms and values learned Gilligan Like Kohlberg believes in learning from others but also believes gender makes a difference in moral judgment G H Mead socialization means developing the self We develop though role taking imitation play Also he believes in the process between individual I and social identity me The I is unique subjective and unpredictable while the Me is socially patterned predictable and objective C H Cooley Like Kohlber believes in developing the self but he thinks we do so through the looking glass self This means analyzing about how we think other see us This is how we develop a self concept 2 The above views on socialization sometimes overlap and sometimes oppose the main argument of another theory Thus elaborate on the areas of similarity and difference among the theories Freud and Erikson both believe personality development involves a constant struggle it has a biological component childhood experiences are very important however they agree we never stop developing Kohlberg and Gilligan both believe moral judgment is a big part of socialization and we learn it from others as we age natural process However Kohlberg focuses on that we learn by conforming while Gilligan focuses on gender differences in moral judgment Mead and Cooley believe socialization entails developing the self However Mead focuses on doing so by role taking and Cooley focuses on the looking glass self 3 Compare and contrast Freud s and Mead s views on socialization Include in your answer description of and distinctions among the id ego superego I and me Freud and Mead believe people are internally divided by who they are and what society wants them to be Freud calls the divisions the Id Ego and Super Ego while Mead calls them the I and the Me I Id Me Ego 4 Briefly describe the role of family peers media and schools on socialization Pgs 95 101 These characteristics are not standard across cultures The family is the main agent of socialization at the primary socialization infancy through childhood Peers school and media become socializing forces during secondary socialization later childhood and maturity Family mother is normally the most important individual The region and social class of the family has a distinct effect on patterns of socialization Children pick up behavioral characteristics from their parents Schools rules set in school make them agents of socialization Be quiet in class punctual at lessons etc Peer relationships a person chooses to spend a large amount of time with his her peer group which makes it highly influential In children peer groups greatly influence gender socialization but in other ages they are extremely influential as well Peer groups are influential in shaping individuals attitudes and behavior Mass media influences socialization in all forms of society Almost everyone has access to it 5 What is re socialization Where does it take place How does it happen Re socialization is learning a new identity voluntarily and involuntarily Regardless it takes place in total institutions structured social environments like prisons convents the military hospitals and to a lesser extent even gradschools Re socialization involves a degradation ceremony which ensures the individual that they are changing for the better followed by the teaching of new rules and procedures as well informal norms to live in a total institution 6 What is gender racial and age socialization These are ascribed statuses that receive and give different treatments from and to their counterparts In other words they affect lifestyle and life changes 7 Elaborate on theories of gender socialization Distinguish between sex and gender Are gender differences due to natural or social factors Describe gender roles within the family It is very interesting how we treat a baby differently if it s a boy or a girl Freud the learning of gender difference focuses on the possession of a penis He says around 4 or 5 boys experience a sense of rivalry with their fathers and girls experience penis envy Very controversial Chodorow masculinity and femininity are a result of the separation of a child and his mother Girls remain close to their mothers while boys cut their relationship and learn not to be sissies or mama s boys Gilligan womans qualities are devaluated by men therefore women learn to be more tentative to moral judgment and they evaluate themselves on successfully meeting the needs of others Sex is a biological factor while gender is a social constructed factor 8 Distinguish between race and ethnicity as social constructs Is socialization in America the same regardless of family race and ethnicity How does the latter relate to socialization as a minority group member Ethnicity is distinguished on the basis of cultural traits such as religion diet language etc Race refers to physical characteristics deemed to be socially important No Race and ethnicity vary across space and time and they affect life styles A minority group member will have a very different experience of socialization than those around him 9 Define and compare the following concepts when applicable Group a collection of people who interact with one another and have a sense of common identity Category people who share a common characteristic such as gender or occupation Crowd Mob people behavior In group groups towards which one feels particular loyalty and respect groups that we belong


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FSU SYG 1000 - Study Guide

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