DEP 3103 CHILD PSYCHOLOGY Dr Lane May 14th 2012 Chapters 1 2 Exam Friday May 18th Chapter 1 Intro What is child psychology Why study child psychology Study of the behavior and mental processes from conception to adolescence The how when and why of our developmental changes To understand the impact of childhood on our adulthood Helps parents teachers and others who are involved with children Helps us understand ourselves How has the perception of children changed over time Medieval time 6th 15th centuries Historical artifacts and paintings suggest that children were seen as separate from adults Original Sin View 16th Century Puritanical view You are born evil and stubborn With sin and bad It is the parents job to remove that sin Harsh restrictive parenting Seen as miniature adults Tough love because I said so coercive control all decisions made by parents Some of these ideas are present in authoritarian parents today Tabula Rasa View End of the 17th Century John Locke Kids are born with a blank slate tablet not good or bad It is the job of the parents to mold the child Spend time with child and help them become a contributing member of society Some ideas seen in authoritative parenting today Innate Goodness View 18th Century Born knowing right and wrong Inherently good Little parental monitoring children harmed by adult training Some ideas seen in permissive parenting style today Children and adults viewed as different groups Pattern of change from conception to death Changes in thought intelligence language Changes in relationships emotions and personality Suzy s ability to grasp a bottle is a Biological processes Today Important Terminology Development Biological Processes Changes in the body Cognitive Processes Socio emotional processes Prenatal period Conception to birth Infancy Birth to 18 24 months Early Childhood 2 5 years or 6 years of age Middle Childhood 6 11 years of age Adolescence Emerging Adulthood 10 12 18 22 years of age Around college years in western culture new field of research About 18 25 Three Issues that child researchers deal with in their research Nature Nurture Issue Biology vs Socialization Continuity and Discontinuity Continuous development vs Stages Discontinuity Stages once you reach a certain age Continuity Continuous development based on experiences may change the development out of chronological order Early Later Experience The debate as to whether early life is more important to adulthood than later life experiences or vice versa REFLECT Which of the following do you feel had the biggest influence on who you are now A Early Life B Late Life C Both have been equally influential Can you identify an early experience that you believe contributed in important ways to your development The separation of my parents and sole reliability on my mother has caused me to have a hard time evenly distributing my attention within my close relationships and causes me to rely too excessively on one sole individual in my life Can you identify a recent or current later experience that you think had or is having a strong influence on your development Cancer diagnosis My current romantic relationship is really allowing me ironically to find myself as an individual Theories of Development Psychoanalytic Theories Unique history of child Series of stages with conflicts that need to be resolved Resolution or lack there of determines who you become as an adult Freud a neurologist Psychological theories developed from patients who had issues with no physical symptoms Psychosexual Theory Focus on unconscious drives Sex and aggression 3 Parts of Personality Id Ego Superego Id Does not operate in reality Completely driven by desires and impulses Wants immediate gratification Kind of like a two year old Superego Opposite of the Id morals values conscious Guided as to what is right and wrong Completely driven by the desire for moral perfection Does not operate in reality Ego Moderator between the Id and Superego The Ego lives in reality and coordinates between your impulses Id and your values Superego Plumber s Id comes in an opens all the pipes Everything is a free flowing mess His Superego comes in and seals all the pipes so there is an explosion The Ego comes in and connects them together so water flows smoothly through everything Freud s Theory of Development Psychosexual Stages Oral Birth 1 year Breast feeding If you are fed too much or too little you become fixated Later you may be fixated on chewing objects eating smoking etc Anal 1 3 years Phallic 3 to 6 years Potty training If you are potty trained too early or too late you become fixated You may become anal retentive a control freak because you couldn t control your bowel movements to get to the toilet Or you could become incredibly messy Oedipus and Electra Complexes Little children will notice their genitals and sex difference Here you develop a desire for your parent mom if you re a boy dad if you re a girl You are afraid the other parent will know and form competition Castration anxiety Here you decide to become just like your parent to attract the other parent Creation of Superego Women have penis envy and no Superego Latency 6 Puberty Learning your gender Genital Puberty Onward Here Freud says if you ve won most of your battles you can have mature successful relationships and marriages Erikson s Theories of Development Psychosocial Stages Focuses on Affiliation with others Basic 5 stages as Freud as far as age goes Added 3 more stages that deal with adulthood Believes both early and late stages help you become who you are Behavioral and Social Cognitive Theories Caused dogs to salivate by pairing food with other stimuli such as sound Cognitive Conscious thought Pavlov s Classical Conditioning Watson Behaviorism Believes in Tabula Rasa Video On Watson Watson said the environment shapes the human Watson studied hundreds of babies Thought we arrive as a blank slate and everything is learned even fear Watson designed an experiment for Little Albert Albert shows no negative response to stimuli at first exposure When stimuli are presented with an additional negative stimulus Albert is taught to be scared Bandura Social Cognitive Theory The model or imitation of behavior We actively choose what we model You can imitate or model thought patterns i e positive or negative parent Piaget s Cognitive Developmental Theory You are actively involved in your development You seek out patterns and experiences Assimilation Take new
View Full Document
Unlocking...