Study Guide TV Other Media and Aggression 1 Basic facts about the contents of TV shows and viewing habits of American children a On average how many hours do American children spend with media TV movies videos computer games Internet per week 40 hours per week on media 2 5 to 3 yrs 90 contained some violence b By what age are children spending at least 2 hours glued to the screen c What percent of prime time TV shows contain some violence murders rapes assaults d Saturday morning shows are geared toward children Does the violence content of Saturday e Across all shows what percent illustrate some negative consequences of violence i e the morning shows differ from that of prime time fluctuates 60 80 ave 70 cartoons higher 90 s persons committing the violent acts get punished 15 illustrate neg consequences of violence 2 Consequences of TV and other media a What are some potential positive consequences of exposure to educational or prosocial shows Like seasame street improve academic skills Some Mr Rogers improve helping sharing b Explain when are positive effects most likely to occur Parent or teacher comments on important content c What are the potential negative effects of watching a lot of media regardless of content Obesity low school achievement seizures hand injuries buy unhealthy things d What are the potential negative effects of watching a lot of violent content Are these effects well documented or is this research still unclear increases almost everyone s tolerance for media real life violence so people less likely to report and try to stop real life violence Volumes of research show consistent findings across all kinds of studies Findings also hold for diff media TV movie music CD videos games etc e What are conditions under which negative effects of watching violent content most likely to occur 1 violence seems real 2 aggressor not punished or punishment delayed 3 aggressor is attractive in some way 4 viewer is young 5 viewer has aggressive tendencies to begin with but effects not limited to previously aggressive kids 3 In class we described several possible strategies for reducing the negative effects of media violence Describe each of these and indicate which one s are most likely to be at least somewhat effective A Govt censorship Problems B Industry self regulation Hasn t worked despite years of pressure Industry says media violence doesn t hurt kids C Parents forbid certain shows Problems 1 make kids want it more 2 see it at friends D Parents limit amount negotiate content When kids very young can totally control E V chip or other electronic device to control TV Prob rules out some good shows e g Schindler List F Co viewing violent shows media to contrast reality vs fantasy point out negative consequences of violence express disapproval of aggression Shown to be somewhat effective Parents rarely do this G In contrast co viewing and NOT showing clear disapproval INCREASES child s aggression because if you sit there and say nothing they think you Think it is okay H Active attitude change interventions Ex Children 9 10 yrs produced an educational video presumably to teach others about the bad consequences of imitating media aggress Video explained that media not real and violence bad Need more research but potentially helpful 4 In class we saw a video on catharsis a Define catharsis and give examples Not effective 5 The following questions are from Chapter 14 Discharging aggressive impulses by engaging in actual or symbolic aggression that does not impinge on others b How effective is catharsis at reducing an individual s tendency to express anger aggression a What is the definition of aggression How does instrumental aggression differ from hostile aggression Aggression that intentionally harms other people by inflicting pain or injury on them Instrumental fighting with others over objects Hostile directing aggressive behavior at a particular person or group criticizing ridiculing calling names b Describe gender differences in aggression Few differences in infancy once boys are toddlers they are more likely to instigate and be involved in aggressive behavior also more likely to retaliate more physical girls more relational aggressive c Describe how biological factors might contribute to aggression Higher testosterone can be linked to more aggression temperament can also play a role d Describe each of the parenting and family variables that can contribute to aggression Parents may teach their boys to defend themselves parent s control tactics may lead to aggression parent s physical punishment if sibilings are aggressive not monitoring children s activities e What are some good ways to prevent and treat children s aggression Making people aware of the negative consequences through modeling and explanations teaching problem solving behaviors intervention groups Study Guide Family part 1 1 For each of the 4 parenting styles be able to thoroughly explain the following a Where does each style falls on the dimensions of emotionality control Warm Responsive Cold Unresponsive Hi Control Low Control Permissive indulgent Authoritative Authoritarian Uninvolved neglecting b Describe in detail each of the 4 styles probably child outcomes from each style Authoritarian harsh unresponsive rigid uses power and control child becomes fearful can have low cognitive and social development and lower academic skills more for boys don t feel in control stressed conflicted irritable Uninvolved neglecting lack of control don t set clear rules etc the parent would say YES do whatever you want Can cause disruptions in attachment conduct problems low self esteem moodiness precocious sex delinquency Permissive indulgent Inconsistent discipline children have higher levels of impulsive and aggressive acts non compliant not severe Authoritative warm responsible involved reasonable most linked to positive outcomes like high self concept high achievement and low anti social behavior energetic friendly c Know which 2 styles are likely to use some form of punishment Authoritarian and authoritative d Describe 2 notable exceptions to the rules 1 For poor minorities in dangerous neighborhoods best adjustment w authoritarian parents tend to realize 2 Asian e g Chinese parents who are authoritarian tend to be viewed very positively have positive child outcomes Authoritarian has diff meaning in Asian culture which values family cultural standards over independence and internal standards 2 Discipline
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